Effect of diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin, on the rat skeletal system.

Diosgenin is a steroidal sapogenin present in fenugreek and Dioscorea spp. as glycosides (saponins). Diosgenin has already been reported to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and to stimulate osteogenic activity of osteoblastic cells in vitro, and to exert some antiosteoporotic effects in rats in vivo.

Unfavorable effect of trigonelline, an alkaloid present in coffee and fenugreek, on bone mechanical properties in estrogen-deficient rats.

Scope: Trigonelline (1-methylpyridinium-3-carboxylate), an alkaloid present in coffee and fenugreek seed, has been reported to exhibit phytoestrogenic activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of trigonelline on bone mechanical properties of rats with normal estrogen level and estrogen deficiency (developing osteoporosis).

Methods And Results: The experiments were performed on 3-month-old nonovariectomized and ovariectomized (estrogen-deficient) Wistar rats, divided into control rats and rats receiving trigonelline (50 mg/kg p.

Do effects of propranolol on the skeletal system depend on the estrogen status?

Background: Propranolol, a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist, was reported to favorably affect the skeletal system in different animal models. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the effects of propranolol on the skeletal system depend on the estrogen status.

Methods: The in vivo experiments were carried out on the following groups of mature female Wistar rats: sham-operated control rats, sham-operated rats receiving propranolol, ovariectomized (OVX) control rats, OVX rats receiving propranolol, OVX rats receiving estradiol, OVX rats receiving estradiol and propranolol.

Favorable effect of moderate dose caffeine on the skeletal system in ovariectomized rats.

Scope: Caffeine, a methylxanthine present in coffee, has been postulated to be responsible for an increased risk of osteoporosis in coffee drinkers; however, the data are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a moderate dose of caffeine on the skeletal system of rats with normal and decreased estrogen level (developing osteoporosis due to estrogen deficiency).

Methods And Results: The experiments were carried out on mature nonovariectomized and ovariectomized Wistar rats, divided into control rats and rats receiving caffeine once daily, 20 mg/kg p.

Alendronate prevents development of the skeletal changes induced by azathioprine in rats.

Immunosuppressive drugs are known to disturb bone remodeling. Azathioprine (AZA) is a potent immunosuppressive drug, but its effect on the skeletal system has not been reported so far. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of AZA on the rat bone remodeling, and the effect of alendronate on development of skeletal changes induced by AZA.

Proton pump (H+/K+-ATPase) inhibitors weaken the protective effect of alendronate on bone mechanical properties in estrogen-deficient rats.

Background: Alendronate can induce esophagitis and stomach ulceration requiring the concurrent use of drugs which decrease HCl production. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of concurrent administration of proton pump inhibitors, omeprazole or pantoprazole, and alendronate on the mechanical properties of long bones in bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX) rats.

Methods: The experiments were carried out on 3-month-old Wistar rats, divided into following groups: non-ovariectomized control rats, OVX control rats, OVX rats administered omeprazole or pantoprazole, OVX rats administered alendronate, OVX rats administered alendronate and omeprazole or pantoprazole.

Bone remodeling after administration of proton pump (H+/K+-ATPase) inhibitors and alendronate in ovariectomized rats.

During osteoporosis therapy with alendronate, esophagitis and stomach ulceration may occur, requiring the concurrent use of drugs which decrease gastric juice production. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of concurrent administration of proton pump (H+/K+ATP-ase) inhibitors: omeprazole or pantoprazole and alendronate on bone remodeling in ovariectomized rats. The experiments were carried out on 3-month-old Wistar rats, divided into following groups (n = 8-10): NOVX - non-ovariectomized control rats; OVX - ovariectomized control rats; OVX + alendronate; OVX + omeprazole; OVX + omeprazole + alendronate; OVX + pantoprazole; OVX + pantoprazole + alendronate.

Effects of vigabatrin on the skeletal system of young rats.

Long-term administration of antiepileptic drugs may be connected with the risk of impairment of bone remodeling. Contrary to the reported unfavorable effect of classic antiepileptic drugs on bone metabolism, little is known about the effect of the next generation antiepileptics on bone remodeling. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vigabatrin, as a representative of new antiepileptics, on the skeletal system of young rats, in comparison with conventional drugs--phenytoin and valproic acid.

Effects of propranolol on the development of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in male rats.

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is the most frequently occurring type of secondary osteoporosis. Antagonists of β-adrenergic receptors are now considered to be potential drugs under investigation for osteoporosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of propranolol, a nonselective β-receptor antagonist, on the skeletal system of mature male rats and on the development of bone changes induced by glucocorticoid (prednisolone) administration.

Fenoterol did not enhance glucocorticoid-induced skeletal changes in male rats.

Glucocorticoids and β(2)-adrenergic receptor agonists are the most commonly used drugs in the treatment of asthma. Both therapies are potentially dangerous to the skeletal system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of fenoterol, a β(2)-receptor agonist, on the development of bone changes induced by glucocorticoid (prednisolone) administration in mature male rats.

Does maternal treatment with zidovudine affect changes in mandibles of newborns? Laser induced fluorescence study.

The influence of antiretroviral drug zidovudine treatment during pregnancy on mandible development in newborn rats was studied. The fluorescence of mandibles from 7-, 14- and 28-days old individuals was measured by means of fiber-optical fluorescence analyzer with 407 nm laser excitation. Obtained results revealed disturbing effect of maternal zidovudine administration on mandible fluorescence intensity which should decrease with bone development.

Optical and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy studies of bone and teeth in newborn rats after maternal treatment with indinavir.

An experiment estimating influence of antiviral drug indinavir treatment during pregnancy on bones and teeth development in newborn rats was performed. Two different fluorescence noninvasive spectroscopy techniques, i.e.

Effect of low-dose tacrolimus coadministered with raloxifene on the skeletal system in male rats.

Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive drug, used to prevent organ transplant rejection. Immunosuppresants are known to unfavorably affect the osseous system. However, in our previous study on bone histomorphometric parameters we observed that low-dose tacrolimus intensified bone formation.

A comparative study of the effects of genistein, estradiol and raloxifene on the murine skeletal system.

Genistein, a major phytoestrogen of soy, is considered a potential drug for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of genistein, estradiol and raloxifene on the skeletal system in vivo and in vitro. Genistein (5 mg/kg), estradiol (0.

Effects of raloxifene on development of the methotrexate-induced changes in bone mechanical properties of male rats.

Methotrexate, a cytostatic and immunosuppressive drug, has been reported to deteriorate the osseous system. Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is used in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. There is a lack of data on possible ways of preventing the unwanted skeletal effects of prolonged immunosuppressive therapy.

Raloxifene similarly affects the skeletal system of male and ovariectomized female rats.

Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is used for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Raloxifene use in male subjects is increasingly considered and a few clinical studies of its effect on bone turnover have already been performed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of raloxifene on the skeletal system of healthy mature male rats.

Effect of pamidronate on the action of catecholamines on blood pressure in the marrow cavity of long bones in rats with prednisolone-induced osteoporosis.

Pamidronate is a representative of bisphosphonates, which are effectively used in the treatment of bone diseases. Although a number of properties of pamidronate have been recognized which influence the metabolic process in bones, the issue of the effect of bisphosphonates on the function of blood circulation and autonomic nervous system in osteoporotic bones remains open. In order to clarify this problem, the present study concentrated on the effects of pamidronate on catecholamine action on blood pressure in the marrow cavity in rats with prednisolone-induced osteoporosis.

Effects of catecholamines on blood pressure in the femoral bone marrow cavity in ovariectomized rats.

Menopausal women display changes in the osseous tissue (osteoporosis, pathologic fractures) and disorders in the function of cardiovascular system (hypertension, cardiovascular disease, arteriosclerosis, calcification). Additionally, interdependence was observed between the loss of osseous tissue and disordered circulation, but the mechanism of the interdependence has never been fully recognized. In order to clarify this problem, the present study concentrated on the effects of catecholamines on blood pressure in the femoral bone marrow cavity in ovariectomized rats.

Raloxifene does not affect the changes in bone histomorphometric parameters induced by low dose tacrolimus in male rats.

Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator. The drug reduces bone loss and prevents fractures in postmenopausal women. Tacrolimus, an immunosuppressant, is used to prevent organ transplant rejection.

Effects of catecholamines on the intramedullary pressure in the femur in rats with prednisolone-induced osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass, impaired micro-architecture and susceptibility to fracture. Osteoporosis may be, inter alia, a result of a long-term glucocorticosteroid therapy, e.g.

Effects of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) on histomorphometric parameters of the rat bones.

6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) is an antimetabolite. The drug inhibits DNA synthesis of cells by acting as a false analog of purines. 6-MP displays a cytostatic and immunosuppressive activity.

Effect of adminitration of etidronate and retinol on bone mechanical properties in ovariectomized rats.

The experiments were carried out on rats, divided into 7 groups: I-sham-operated control rats, II-ovariectomized (OVX) control rats, II- OVX+etidronate (10 mg/kg po), IV-OVX+retinol (700 IU/kg po), V-OVX+retinol (3,500 IU/kg po), VI-OVX+etidronate (10 mg/kg po)+retinol (700 IU/kg po), VII-OVX+etidronate (10 mg/kg po)+retinol (3 500 IU/kg po). The drugs were administered once a day for 4 weeks. Bone mass, content of mineral substances and calcium were examined in the femur, tibia and L-4 vertebra.

Effect of administration of retinol and etidronate on bone histomorphometric parameters in ovariectomized rats.

Retinol belongs to factors affecting bone remodeling. The effect of retinol on the osseous tissue depends on the dose and duration of treatment. Retinol can cause bone damage and deformation.

Effect of administration of alendronate sodium and retinol on the mechanical properties of the femur in ovariectomized rats.

Alendronate sodium, an aminobisphosphonate with potent antiresorptive activity, is used in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Retinol, as a component of multivitamin preparations, is frequently used especially by elderly people. There are no reports on the interaction of alendronate sodium and retinol.

Effects of enoxaparin on histomorphometric parameters of bones in rats.

Enoxaparin sodium is a low-molecular-weight heparin. It is not clear whether the risk of development of osteoporosis after administration of low-molecular-weight heparins is lower than after administration of standard heparin. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of enoxaparin on histomorphometric parameters of bones in female Wistar rats (13-15 weeks old at the beginning of the experiment).