A high level of scientific evidence is available to guide treatment of primary shoulder stiffness: The SIAGASCOT consensus.

Purpose: Shoulder stiffness (SS) is a condition characterised by active and passive restricted glenohumeral range of motion, which can occur spontaneously in an idiopathic manner or be associated with a known underlying aetiology. Several treatment options are available and currently no consensus has been obtained on which treatment algorithm represents the best choice for the patient. Herein we present the results of a national consensus on the treatment of primary SS.

Complications and Intraoperative Fractures in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: The reverse shoulder arthroplasty is nowadays a treatment option for a variety of shoulder problems. As its incidence rose, also the number of complications increased, including intraoperative fractures.

Significance: We performed a systematic review and critical analysis of the current literature following the PRISMA guidelines.

Long-term results of the Latarjet procedure for anterior instability of the shoulder.

Background: The Latarjet procedure is effective in managing anterior glenohumeral instability in the short term, but there is concern for postoperative arthritis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term functional outcome after the Latarjet procedure and to assess the prevalence of and risk factors for glenohumeral arthritis after this procedure.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of 68 Latarjet procedures at a mean of 20 years postoperatively.

Revision surgery of reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Background: There is limited knowledge regarding revision of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). This study assesses reasons for failure in RSA and evaluates the outcomes of revision RSA.

Materials And Methods: Between 1997 and 2009, 37 patients with RSA had revision surgery.

Aseptic glenoid loosening or failure in total shoulder arthroplasty: revision with glenoid reimplantation.

Hypothesis And Background: Reimplantation of a new glenoid component for symptomatic glenoid failure after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is a well-established surgical strategy. In case of aseptic glenoid loosening or failure, revision of TSA by reimplantation of a cemented glenoid implant would be a reliable therapeutic option.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included 42 TSAs with symptomatic failed glenoids revised by reimplantation of an all-polyethylene (PE), cemented glenoid component.

A ten-year radiologic comparison of two-all polyethylene glenoid component designs: a prospective trial.

Background: Aseptic glenoid component loosening remains a common problem in total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). This study presents long-term prospective follow-up of 2 cemented all-polyethylene glenoid components with different backside design geometry and the effect on the presence and progression of radiolucent lines (RLLs).

Materials And Methods: Fifty-six TSAs were performed for primary osteoarthritis.

Glenoid loosening and failure in anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty: is revision with a reverse shoulder arthroplasty a reliable option?

Introduction: Our purpose was to evaluate if, in case of aseptic glenoid loosening and failure in anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), revision by a reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is a reliable therapeutic option.

Methods: Retrospective multicenter cohort study of 37 consecutive anatomical TSA revised by RSA for aseptic glenoid loosening or failure. The decision to implant a RSA was related to the presence of associated complications: rotator cuff tears (n = 24), subscapularis insufficiency (n = 29), prosthetic instability (n = 13), and glenoid bone deficiency (n = 37).

Influence of arm lengthening in reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Background: Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) can improve anterior active elevation (AAE) by lengthening of the deltoid and hence increasing its lever arm. However, evaluations of functional outcomes of RSA have shown variable improvements in the range of motion. The aim of our study was to correlate humeral and arm lengthening to postoperative AAE.

The teres minor muscle in rotator cuff tendon tears.

Objectives: Although the teres minor has received little attention in the literature compared to the other musculotendinous units of the rotator cuff, it is an important component of shoulder function. Our purpose was to study the appearance of the teres minor muscle on CT and MRI images in various patterns of rotator cuff tears.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed the appearance of the teres minor according to the Walch classification (normal, hypertrophic, atrophic, or absent) in 1,332 CT and in 240 MRI images of rotator cuff tears and we correlated it with the type of rotator cuff tears, time period between initial onset of symptoms and diagnostic imaging, age of the patient at the time of imaging, and degree of fatty infiltration of other rotator cuff muscles.

Results of a convex-back cemented keeled glenoid component in primary osteoarthritis: multicenter study with a follow-up greater than 5 years.

Purpose: We assessed the clinical and radiologic results of a cemented all-polyethylene convex-back keeled glenoid component used with a third-generation prosthesis.

Methods: Between 1996 and 2003, in 4 European centers, 333 shoulder arthroplasties were performed for primary osteoarthritis by use of a cemented all-polyethylene convex-back keeled glenoid component. Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis was performed, and clinical outcome was assessed with the Constant score, range of motion, and subjective evaluation.

Natural history of infraspinatus fatty infiltration in rotator cuff tears.

Background/hypothesis: Muscular fatty infiltration (FI) represents an important prognostic factor in rotator cuff repair. The goal of this study was to analyze the natural history of infraspinatus FI in rotator cuff tears to determine the timing of the appearance and the speed of progression of this phenomenon.

Method: The preoperative MRI or CT-arthrograms of 1688 patients operated for rotator cuff tears were reviewed.

Natural history of fatty infiltration and atrophy of the supraspinatus muscle in rotator cuff tears.

Background: In some patients nonoperative treatment of a rotator cuff tear is sufficient, while in others it is only the first stage of treatment prior to surgery. Fatty infiltration progresses throughout the nonoperative treatment although it is not known at what point fatty infiltration contributes to poor functional outcomes, absence of healing, or increased rerupture rates.

Questions/purposes: We therefore identified factors related to the appearance of supraspinatus muscle fatty infiltration, determined the speed of appearance and progression of this phenomenon, and correlated fatty infiltration with muscular atrophy.

Fatty infiltration of the supraspinatus: a reliability study.

Background: The Goutallier classification of rotator cuff fatty infiltration is an accepted standard, yet no recommendations exist for which computed tomography plane is best to identify fatty infiltration of the supraspinatus. Our purpose was to determine the most reliable plane to evaluate supraspinatus fatty infiltration, assess reliability of the tangent sign, and to correlate fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy.

Methods: Fatty infiltration in 87 computed tomography scans was reviewed by 3 shoulder surgeons using the 5-tiered Goutallier classification and a separate 3-grade scale.

Objective evaluation of lengthening in reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Background: Reverse shoulder arthroplasty requires a re-tensioning of the deltoid to obtain active elevation and implant stability. Currently, there is no objective and reliable technique described for the preoperative planning of reverse shoulder prosthesis or the postoperative evaluation of deltoid tension and arm lengthening. The purpose of this investigation was to outline a standardized technique for measuring deltoid length and to preoperatively plan a reverse shoulder arthroplasty, and to determine whether complications are related to inadequate deltoid lengthening.