A rapid review of motives and barriers for living substance of human origin donation and an extended typology.

Our objective is to review motives and barriers for non-reproductive, living substance of human origin (SoHO) donation, and to extend existing typologies beyond blood. The expansion of SoHO collection is currently unmatched by increased living donors. Thus, there is a critical need to understand how to effectively recruit and retain donors to ensure a sustainable supply of SoHO.

A rapid review of strategies to manage low iron levels in adults donating whole-blood: A focus on donor behaviour.

In recognition of the impact of whole-blood donation on body iron stores, there has been an increased focus assessing the efficacy of strategies to minimise the risk of iron deficiency (ID). Whilst donor behaviour is an important determinant of success, this literature is yet to be fully synthesised to help guide blood collection agencies when implementing these strategies into routine practice. This rapid review identifies strategies for management of low iron, how they have been communicated to donors, donor compliance with advice, donor use of external health services and their effect on donor retention.

'Yeah, this is my donation': An application of psychological ownership in blood donation.

To meet the priority healthcare needs of any population there must be a consistently available blood supply donated by willing donors. Due to this universal need for blood, retaining blood donors remains an ongoing challenge for blood services internationally. Encouraging psychological ownership, or the feeling of ownership one experiences over a possession, provides a potential novel solution to donor retention.

"Why don't you want my poop?" Willing stool donor's experiences of being ineligible to donate intestinal microbiota.

Background: Blood collection agencies (BCAs) hosting stool (fecal or poo) donor programs report high rates of donor deferral. However, the impact of deferral on willing donors, in terms of personal well-being and future engagement with BCAs, remains unexplored. Accordingly, we surveyed those attempting to donate intestinal microbiota about their experience of being ineligible.

Psychological ownership and identity motives in blood donation.

Background And Objectives: Interventions to retain existing donors are essential to increase the blood supply. Blood donor self-identity is proposed to motivate sustained donation behaviour. However, interventions to develop self-identity in the absence of donating blood are scarce.

Understanding Mothers' Experiences of Being Ineligible to Donate Their Milk to a Not-for-Profit Milk Bank.

Donor milk banks have strict donor screening criteria to ensure that donor milk is safe for premature or hospitalized babies. Yet little evidence is available to understand how potential donors, who are often breastfeeding their own infants, experience being ineligible ("deferred") to donate their milk to a milk bank. Interviews were conducted with 10 mothers who were permanently or temporarily deferred from donating to a large, not-for-profit milk bank in Australia.

Rage donations and mobilization: Understanding the effects of advocacy on collective giving responses.

Advocacy is intended to change people's attitudes and behavior. Yet the psychological and behavioral consequences of advocacy have rarely been considered. Across 3 experiments (combined N = 934) in the contexts of debates around racial discrimination and abortion, we investigated if and how exposure to advocacy can influence collective giving responses: self-reported willingness to make donations congruent with one's beliefs on the issue and actual giving behavior.

A review of whole-blood donors' willingness, motives, barriers and interventions related to donating another substance of human origin.

Diversification of blood collection agencies' (BCAs) core business requires donors to donate substances of human origin (SoHO) beyond whole-blood. Whole-blood donors are assumed to be willing to convert to donate other SoHO as well as whole-blood. However, no reviews consider the evidence on conversion (i.

It is about who you know (and how you help them): Insights from staff and donors about how to recruit and retain a panel of committed anti-D donors.

Background And Objectives: Maintaining a panel of committed anti-D donors is crucial for the production of anti-D immunoglobulin to prevent haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn. Given low numbers of donors in the Australian panel, there is a need to better understand motivators and barriers specific to anti-D donors.

Materials And Methods: A qualitative approach was used to gather perspectives of staff and current anti-D donors in Australia.

Australian Perspectives on Opt-In and Opt-Out Consent Systems for Deceased Organ Donation.

As many countries change to opt-out systems to address organ shortages, calls for similar reform in Australia persist. Community perspectives on consent systems for donation remain under-researched, therefore Australian perspectives on consent systems and their effectiveness in increasing donation rates were explored. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, participants completed a survey presenting opt-in, soft opt-out, and hard opt-out systems, with corresponding descriptions.

Willingness of blood donors in Australia to provide additional data and blood sample for health research.

Background: Many blood collection agencies are generating important data on donor health outcomes using large-scale blood donor cohort studies. Such studies can be very effective when donors provide access to linkage of their data to external health databases, and storage and genomic testing of their blood sample. In this study, we aimed to assess the willingness of Australian blood donors to provide additional data and blood sample for donation-related and other health research.

Simple Reciprocal Fairness Message to Enhance Non-Donor's Willingness to Donate Blood.

Background: Against a background of declining blood donor numbers, recruiting new donors is critical for the effective operations of healthcare providers. Thus, interventions are needed to recruit new blood donors.

Purpose: We provide initial evidence for Voluntary Reciprocal Altruism (VRA) to enhance nondonors' willingness to become blood donors.

Improving the donation experience and reducing venipuncture pain by addressing fears among whole-blood and plasma donors.

Background: Fear of blood donation is implicated in vasovagal reactions, donor recruitment, and retention. This study examined the extent to which fear among donors is associated with various donor outcomes in an Australian sample, and whether fear can be addressed on-site to reduce adverse reactions and improve the donation experience.

Study Design And Methods: Six hundred and sixty-four donors (age M = 33.

Motivators of and barriers to becoming a COVID-19 convalescent plasma donor: A survey study.

Objectives: To determine the motivators and barriers to COVID-19 convalescent plasma donation by those in the United Kingdom who have been diagnosed with or who have had symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) but who have not donated.

Background: Convalescent plasma from people recovered from COVID-19 with sufficient antibody titres is a potential option for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. However, to date, recruiting and retaining COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors has been challenging.

Assessing the impact of an automated Web-based motivational interview on the intention and return behavior of Australian O-negative donors.

Background: O-negative donors are a critical resource for blood collection agencies, and their recruitment and retention provides an ongoing challenge. Motivational interviewing shows promise as a tool to promote donor retention, although concerns about scalability remain. The current study examined the effect of an automated Web-based interview drawing on motivational interviewing and self-determination theory on O-negative donors' motivation, intention, and behavior.

Determinants of community members' willingness to donate stool for faecal microbiota transplantation.

Universal stool banks rely on, but face difficulties recruiting, community volunteers to donate stool for faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to effectively treat recurrent Clostridioides difficile. This study sought to identify determinants of community members' willingness to donate stool to guide donor recruitment. 397 Australian residents (52% male, 47% 21-30 years, 63% university educated) completed a survey to gauge willingness to donate stool, bowel habits, information needs, attitudes, barriers, and motives for donation.

Long-term return and donation pattern of those who begin donating at different ages: A retrospective cohort analysis of blood donors in Australia.

Background: This study compared the likelihood of return to donate and donation rate ratio by age of donors at their first donation when followed up to 12 years.

Study Design And Methods: Donation history of two cohorts of first-time donors (those donating in 2007 and 2013) was extracted until March 2019 from Australian Red Cross Lifeblood's national database. Poisson regression analyses compared donor return and negative-binomial regression estimated the rate ratio of donations.

A branded bandage is worth a thousand words: blood branded bandages signal men's generosity and morality.

Background And Objective: Recruiting and retaining male donors remain an ongoing challenge for blood collection agencies. Research suggests that interventions based on costly signalling theory that allows donors to unobtrusively but publicly signal their donor status may be effective. However, what functions as such a signal and how it is interpreted has not been determined.

Eligible blood donors' decisions about donating stool for fecal microbiota transplantation: Does ambivalence play a role?

Unlabelled: Blood collection agencies (BCAs) are expanding core business by inviting blood donors to donate stool for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). However, whether blood donors also want to donate stool is unclear since, despite its benefits, stool donation is viewed by many as unpleasant. This study examined the prevalence, contributors to, and role of these mixed feelings (ambivalence) in stool donation intentions.

Gone, but haven't forgotten: insights on plasmapheresis donation from lapsed donors.

Background And Objectives: Blood Collection Agencies in several countries have implemented strategies to increase the number of plasmapheresis collections. Despite this, a sizable minority of plasma donors lapse from donation each year, with little research conducted on this topic. An understanding of the plasma donation experience from the perspective of lapsed donors, insights into why they stopped donating and their views on returning to donate may provide opportunities to intervene to increase the retention and reactivation of plasma donors.

The Impact of Temporal Trajectories of Emotional Experience on Blood Donor Return.

Background: Despite recognition that blood donation is an affectively poignant process, many aspects of donors' emotional experiences and their consequences remain unexamined.

Purpose: This study tracked the donor's experience of several positive and negative emotions live as they arose during the donation process and tracked the impact of that experience on donor return.

Methods: New whole blood donors (N = 414) reported their experience of 10 positive and 10 negative discrete emotions before, during, and after donation.

Exploring predictors of Australian community members' blood donation intentions and blood donation-related behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: With the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continuing to accelerate and blood collection agencies (BCAs) warning of shortages, it is critical to identify the current determinants of donor behavior for donors and nondonors.

Study Design And Methods: In May and June 2020, Australian residents who believed themselves eligible to donate blood responded to measures assessing constructs from an integrated protection motivation theory, organizational trust, and theory of planned behavior framework, with donor status also assessed.

Results: A total of 507 residents (47% male, mean age 28.

Identifying Nonphysical Intimate Partner Violence in Relationships: The Role of Beliefs and Schemas.

While substantial research has been conducted on intimate partner violence (IPV), comparatively little research has examined peoples' perceptions of which behaviors comprise this form of abuse. Early identification of IPV is critical to ending abuse, however, forms of IPV that typically occur earlier in a relationship (e.g.

Bringing new plasma donors back: testing the efficacy of telephone and e-mail communications with first-time donors.

Background: As demand for plasma-derived products grows, retention of voluntary nonremunerated plasmapheresis donors is crucial for many blood collection agencies. Currently, there is limited evidence of how to encourage first-time plasmapheresis donors to return and establish a high-frequency donation routine. This study tested the effectiveness of an intervention designed to increase retention of first-time plasmapheresis donors, increase donation frequency, and reduce time to return.