The nature of advocacy vs. paternalism in nursing: clarifying the 'thin line'.

Aim: This paper is an exploration of the concepts of advocacy and paternalism in nursing and discusses the thin line between the two.

Background: Nurses are involved in care more than any other healthcare professionals and they play a central role in advocating for patients and families. It is difficult to obtain a clear definition of advocacy, yet the concepts of advocacy and paternalism must be compared, contrasted, and discussed extensively.

Nursing structure, processes, and patient outcomes in army medical centers.

The purpose of this study was to describe patient outcomes in Army Medical Centers, identify differences in outcomes between mixed medical-surgical bed and specialty intensive care units (ICUs), and explore predictive models for outcomes attributable to nursing structure and processes. Data were collected from 138 patients and 103 nurses in four medical-surgical and four ICUs in two Army Medical Centers. Significant differences for unit type were found for length of stay and patient satisfaction with nursing care.

Being refreshed: evaluation of a nurse refresher course.

In light of the current nursing shortage, registered nurses who have been away from clinical practice are a valuable resource. This article examines the effectiveness of a structured nurse refresher course to return nurses to employment and to prepare them for effective clinical practice. This course was successful in returning 78% (n = 37) of the survey respondents to nursing employment and was found to be highly effective in preparing these nurses in the six areas included in the course.

Determining nursing faculty development needs.

Although faculty members often come to a university school of nursing with little or no experience in teaching, research, or other forms of scholarship, few schools of nursing have a comprehensive, formalized faculty development program. In considering the need to find and retain the best faculty in this competitive market, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Nursing appointed a task force to develop a formal faculty development program for the School. After reviewing the literature and contacting 24 schools of nursing, the task force concluded that most do not offer a systematic approach to faculty development.

Development of a model of moral distress in military nursing.

The purpose of this article is to describe the development of a model of moral distress in military nursing. The model evolved through an analysis of the moral distress and military nursing literature, and the analysis of interview data obtained from US Army Nurse Corps officers (n = 13). Stories of moral distress (n = 10) given by the interview participants identified the process of the moral distress experience among military nurses and the dimensions of the military nursing moral distress phenomenon.

How nurses learn advocacy.

Purpose: To describe how nurses develop the skill of advocating for patients.

Design & Methods: Hermeneutic phenomenological research methods. Both reserve and active U.

Characteristics of nurses and hospital work environments that foster satisfaction and clinical expertise.

Objective: The purpose of this aspect of a larger study was to describe characteristics of nurses and their work environment at two military hospitals.

Background: Few studies have explored characteristics among nurses who practice in military hospitals. There is reason to believe that differences exist between nurses who work in military and civilian hospitals, some of which are required educational level, leadership experience, officer status, and career development opportunities.