Let's Get This Party Started: The Effects of Descriptive and Injunctive Norms on Preparty Behavior in College Students.

Participants (N = 202) were students at a college in the northeastern United States who participated in the 2010 Core Alcohol and Drug survey. Data were collected on prepartying behavior, preparty social norms, and individual-difference variables. Using multivariate logistic and least-squares regression, it was found that descriptive social norms were associated with prepartying in women and injunctive social norms were associated with prepartying in men.

Seasonal virus removal by alternative onsite wastewater treatment systems.

Viral contamination of public waters is a leading health concern around the world, including in Minnesota where cold climate, abundant onsite systems on poor or thin soils, and abundant surface water resources present a significant risk of wastewater pathogens reaching sensitive water sources. Three alternative onsite treatment systems, a sand filter, peat filter and subsurface-flow constructed wetland (CW) at a field research site were evaluated for seasonal virus removal by seeding each with MS2 bacteriophage. The sand and peat filters and CW removed 2.