A Comparison of the Composition of Selected Commercial Sandalwood Oils with the International Standard.

Sandalwood oils are highly desired but expensive, and hence many counterfeit oils are sold in high street shops. The study aimed to determine the content of oils sold under the name sandalwood oil and then compare their chromatographic profile and α- and β santalol content with the requirements of ISO 3518:2002. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis found that none of the six tested "sandalwood" oils met the ISO standard, especially in terms of α-santalol content.

[Analysis of volatile ingredients of selected essential oils listing relaxing action].

Background: Stress is a result of disturbed homeostasis and can contribute to the development of many diseases. One of the methods of combating stress is aromatherapy, which uses essential oils with a calming and relaxing effect. The aim of the work was to perform a qualitative analysis of selected essential oils with a relaxing effect.

[Comparison of chemical composition of selected essential oils used in respiratory diseases].

Background: Essential oils are fragrances extracted from plants. They have a smooth consistency and pleasant smell. Essential oils have been applied in aromatherapy, cosmetics, food and pharmaceutical products.

[ORGANOPHOSPHORUS FLAME RETARDANTS - TOXICITY AND INFLUENCE ON HUMAN HEALTH].

Organophosphorus flame retardants (flame retardants, FRs) have been used for several decades in many industries, including the production of dyes, varnishes, adhesives, synthetic resins, polyvinyl chloride, hydraulic fluids, plastics and textiles. Their importance in recent times has increased due to i.a.

Selected oxidative stress parameters after single and repeated administration of octabromodiphenyl ether to rats.

Objectives: Octabromodiphenyl ether (OctaBDE) was used as a flame retardant applied mostly in the manufacture of plastics utilized in the electrical and electronic industries. Owing to its long half-life and being regarded as an environmental pollutant, OctaBDE, like other polybrominated diphenyl ethers, has been classified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP). This study was carried out to assess the effects of oxidative stress (redox homeostasis) induced in rats by OctaBDE.

Octabromodiphenyl ether - porphyrogenicity after repeated administration to rats.

Objectives: Octabromodiphenyl ether (OctaBDE) is a flame retardant which has been withdrawn from common use due to its negative effect on the environment. The literature data regarding its toxicity addresses its effect on liver function, the endocrine and reproductive systems, as well as its developmental toxicology aspects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of repeated administration of OctaBDE on heme biosynthesis in rats.

The effect of short-term intoxication of rats with pentabromodiphenyl ether (in mixture mimic commercial products).

Until quite recently, pentabromodiphenyl ether (PentaBDE) was most commonly used as a flame retardant. Due to the considerably long atmospheric half-life of PentaBDE and its contribution to environmental pollution, it is categorized as a persistent organic pollutant (POP). As the data on the toxicity of PentaBDE is rather scarce, its potential acute toxicity was the subject of this study.

Toxicity of penta- and decabromodiphenyl ethers after repeated administration to rats: a comparative study.

Until recently, pentabromodiphenyl (PentaBDE) and decabromodiphenyl (DecaBDE) ethers were commonly used as flame retardants in a wide array of products, mostly in the production of plastics utilized in the electric, electronic and textile industries. The aim of this study was to compare the toxicity of PentaBDE and DecaBDE after their repeated (7-28 days) intragastric administration to rats. The compounds were given at doses of 2, 8, 40 or 200 mg/kg/day (PentaBDE) and 10, 100 or 1,000 mg/kg/day (DecaBDE).

The effect of selected aromatic bromine derivatives on the activity of glutathione peroxidase and transferase.

Objectives: Glutathione (GSH) is an important element of antioxidative barrier. Its biological function consists in eliminating oxygen free radicals. It also acts as a co-substrate in numerous enzymatic reactions catalyzed by glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST).

Effect of repeated administration of hexabromobenzene and 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene on the levels of selected cytochromes in rat liver.

Objectives: Hexabromobenzene (HBB) is a flame retardant, which added to polymers, plastics, textiles, wood or paper, decreases the amount of carbon monoxide and heat release during fire. HBB is also formed as a result of decabromodiphenyl oxide pyrolysis or natural decabromobiphenyl ether debromination as the effect of photolysis. 1,2,4,5-Tetrabromobenzene (1,2,4,5-tetraBB) is a compound formed in the body as a metabolite of HBB.