Injury-induced KIF4A neural expression and its role in Schwann cell proliferation suggest a dual function for this kinesin in neural regeneration.

Contrary to the adult central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system has an intrinsic ability to regenerate that relies on the expression of regeneration-associated genes, such as some kinesin family members. Kinesins contribute to nerve regeneration through the transport of specific cargo, such as proteins and membrane components, from the cell body towards the axon periphery. We show here that KIF4A, associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and previously believed to be only expressed during development, is also expressed in the adult vertebrate nervous system and up-regulated in injured peripheral nervous system cells.

A millimetre-scale capacitive biosensing and biophysical stimulation system for emerging bioelectronic bone implants.

Bioelectronic bone implants are being widely recognized as a promising technology for highly personalized bone/implant interface sensing and biophysical therapeutic stimulation. Such bioelectronic devices are based on an innovative concept with the ability to be applied to a wide range of implants, including in fixation and prosthetic systems. Recently, biointerface sensing using capacitive patterns was proposed to overcome the limitations of standard imaging technologies and other non-imaging technologies; moreover, electric stimulation using capacitive patterns was proposed to overcome the limitations of non-instrumented implants.

Neuro-immune interactions in health and disease: Insights from FENS-Hertie 2022 Winter School.

In a great partnership, the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS) and the Hertie Foundation organized the FENS-Hertie 2022 Winter School on 'Neuro-immune interactions in health and disease'. The school selected 27 PhD students and 13 postdoctoral fellows from 20 countries and involved 14 faculty members experts in the field. The Winter School focused on a rising field of research, the interactions between the nervous and both innate and adaptive immune systems under pathological and physiological conditions.

Customizing 3D Structures of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes to Direct Neural Stem Cell Differentiation.

Neural tissue-related illnesses have a high incidence and prevalence in society. Despite intensive research efforts to enhance the regeneration of neural cells into functional tissue, effective treatments are still unavailable. Here, a novel therapeutic approach based on vertically aligned carbon nanotube forests (VA-CNT forests) and periodic VA-CNT micropillars produced by thermal chemical vapor deposition is explored.

Cell therapies for spinal cord injury: a review of the clinical trials and cell-type therapeutic potential.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an as yet untreatable neuropathology that causes severe dysfunction and disability. Cell-based therapies hold neuroregenerative and neuroprotective potential, but, although being studied in SCI patients for more than two decades, long-term efficacy and safety remain unproven, and which cell types result in higher neurological and functional recovery remains under debate. In a comprehensive scoping review of 142 reports and registries of SCI cell-based clinical trials, we addressed the current therapeutical trends and critically analysed the strengths and limitations of the studies.

Bioengineered Hierarchical Bonelike Compartmentalized Microconstructs Using Nanogrooved Microdiscs.

Fabrication of vascularized large-scale constructs for regenerative medicine remains elusive since most strategies rely solely on cell self-organization or overly control cell positioning, failing to address nutrient diffusion limitations. We propose a modular and hierarchical tissue-engineering strategy to produce bonelike tissues carrying signals to promote prevascularization. In these 3D systems, disc-shaped microcarriers featuring nanogrooved topographical cues guide cell behavior by harnessing mechanotransduction mechanisms.

Capacitive interdigitated system of high osteoinductive/conductive performance for personalized acting-sensing implants.

Replacement orthopedic surgeries are among the most common surgeries worldwide, but clinically used passive implants cannot prevent failure rates and inherent revision arthroplasties. Optimized non-instrumented implants, resorting to preclinically tested bioactive coatings, improve initial osseointegration but lack long-term personalized actuation on the bone-implant interface. Novel bioelectronic devices comprising biophysical stimulators and sensing systems are thus emerging, aiming for long-term control of peri-implant bone growth through biointerface monitoring.

Characterization of hematopoietic stem cells from the canine yolk sac.

The characterization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from the canine yolk sac (cYS) can contribute to future gene therapies because it is possible to obtain information about the beginning of the development of the circulatory system through the characterization. The cYS is a likely source of HSC, which is a source of blood cell development in mammals. Studies in this field have been conducted for decades; however, interest in cellular therapy is currently at its peak with greater visibility, and these cells are a promising therapeutic tool for the treatment of diseases related to animals and humans.

Clinical features and risk factors for atazanavir (ATV)-associated urolithiasis: a case-control study.

Objectives: Clinical features and risk factors for atazanavir (ATV)-associated urolithiasis have not been fully investigated.

Methods: We reviewed all cases of ATV-containing urolithiasis identified by infrared spectrophotometry among HIV-infected patients over a 5-year period to describe their clinical features and outcome. A case-control study was performed to identify risk factors associated with ATV-associated urolithiasis using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.