TEOAE suppression in adults with learning disabilities.

The presentation of contralateral noise during the recording of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) reduces the amplitude of the TEOAE in normally-hearing adults. This is known as TEOAE suppression. The present study investigated TEOAE suppression in 18 adults with learning disabilities (LDs) compared to 18 adults without LDs.

Effects of stimulus level on cortical auditory event-related potentials evoked by speech.

The effect of stimulus level on cortical auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked by consonant-vowel (CV) contrasts, /ta/, /da/, and /sa/, was investigated. The lowest level at which CVs were discriminated with >95% accuracy was determined for 15 normally hearing adults. ERPs were obtained at 0, 20, and 40 dB SL above this level during active listening.

Slight/mild sensorineural hearing loss in children.

Objective: The goal was to determine the prevalence and effects of slight/mild bilateral sensorineural hearing loss among children in elementary school.

Methods: A cross-sectional, cluster-sample survey of 6581 children (response: 85%; grade 1: n = 3367; grade 5: n = 3214) in 89 schools in Melbourne, Australia, was performed. Slight/mild bilateral sensorineural hearing loss was defined as a low-frequency pure-tone average across 0.

Maturation of CAEP in infants and children: a review.

This paper reviews our current understanding of the development of the obligatory cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) components P1, N1, P2, and N2. Firstly, the adult CAEP is briefly reviewed with respect to its morphology, neural generators and stimulus-dependence. Secondly, age-related changes occurring from the newborn period through childhood and adolescence are reviewed.

Maturation of the cortical auditory evoked potential in infants and young children.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the maturation of the cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) in humans. The participants in this experiment were 10 newborns (<7 days), 19 toddlers (13-41 months), 20 children (4-6 years) and 9 adults (18-45 years). CAEPs were obtained in response to low (400 Hz) and high (3000 Hz) tones and to the word token /baed/, all presented at 60 dB HL, at a rate of 0.

Lateral asymmetry in the ABR of neonates: evidence and mechanisms.

Lateralized processing of auditory stimuli occurs at the level of the auditory cortex but differences in function between the left and right sides are not clear at lower levels of the auditory system. The current study is designed to (1) investigate asymmetric auditory function at the ear and brainstem in human infants and (2) investigate possible mechanisms for asymmetry at these levels. Study 1 evaluated auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) in response to high and low-level clicks presented to the right and left ears of neonates.

Prenatal alcohol and cocaine exposure: influences on cognition, speech, language, and hearing.

Unlabelled: This paper reviews research on the consequences of prenatal exposure to alcohol and cocaine on children's speech, language, hearing, and cognitive development. The review shows that cognitive impairment, learning disabilities, and behavioral disorders are the central nervous system manifestations of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), and cranio-facial abnormalities are also present. Delays in language acquisition, as well as receptive and expressive language deficits, are commonly reported.

Auditory evoked potentials from the cortex: audiology applications.

Purpose Of Review: The audiological applications of cortical auditory evoked potentials are reviewed. Cortical auditory evoked potentials have some advantages compared with more commonly used techniques such as the auditory brainstem response, because they are more closely tied to perception and can be evoked by complex sounds such as speech. These response characteristics suggest that these potentials could be used clinically in the estimation of threshold and also to assess speech discrimination and perception.

The auditory steady-state response: clinical observations and applications in infants and children.

Two studies illustrate the use of the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) in the pediatric clinical audiology setting. A protocol for estimating bone-conduction thresholds from ASSR was developed. Bone-conducted narrow-band noise was used to mask the ASSR for a 1.

The auditory steady-state response: full-term and premature neonates.

Two studies were aimed at developing the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) for universal newborn hearing screening. First, neonates who had passed auditory brainstem response, transient evoked otoacoustic emission, and distortion-product otoacoustic emission tests were also tested with ASSRs using modulated tones that varied in frequency and level. Pass rates were highest (> 90%) for amplitude-modulated tones presented at levels > or = 69 dB SPL.

Speech perception and cortical event related potentials in children with auditory neuropathy.

Objectives: 1) To investigate the unaided and aided speech perception abilities of children with auditory neuropathy (AN) and to compare their performance to children with sensorineural hearing loss. 2) To establish whether cortical event related potentials (ERPs) could be recorded in children with AN, and to determine the relationship between the presence of these responses and speech perception.

Design: Unaided and aided speech perception assessments (PBK words), and cortical-ERP testing was carried out in a group of 18 children with AN.

The auditory steady-state response: comparisons with the auditory brainstem response.

Two studies are reported in which the threshold estimates from auditory steady-state response (ASSR) tests are compared to those of click- or toneburst-evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). The first, a retrospective review of 51 cases, demonstrated that both the click-evoked ABR and the ASSR threshold estimates in infants and children could be used to predict the pure-tone threshold. The second, a prospective study of normal-hearing adults, provided evidence that the toneburst-evoked ABR and the modulated tone-evoked ASSR thresholds were similar when both were detected with an automatic detection algorithm and that threshold estimates varied with frequency, stimulus rate, and detection method.