Systemic Granulomatosis in the Meagre : Fishing for a Plausible Etiology.

Meagre () is one of the fast-growing species considered for sustainable aquaculture development along the Mediterranean and Eastern Atlantic coasts. The emergence of Systemic Granulomatosis (SG), a disease marked by multiple granulomas in various tissues, poses a significant challenge in meagre aquaculture. In the current study, we investigate the association of spp.

Green Solid Lipid Nanoparticles by Fatty Acid Coacervation: An Innovative Nasal Delivery Tool for Drugs Targeting Cerebrovascular and Neurological Diseases.

Cerebrovascular and neurological diseases are characterized by neuroinflammation, which alters the neurovascular unit, whose interaction with the choroid plexus is critical for maintaining brain homeostasis and producing cerebrospinal fluid. Dysfunctions in such process can lead to conditions such as idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, a common disease in older adults. Potential pharmacological treatments, based upon intranasal administration, are worthy of investigation because they might improve symptoms and avoid surgery by overcoming the blood-brain barrier and avoiding hepatic metabolism.

Meconium microbiota in naturally delivered canine puppies.

Background: Microbial colonization during early life has a pivotal impact on the host health, shaping immune and metabolic functions, but little is known about timing and features of this process in dogs. The objectives of this study were to characterize the first step of intestinal microbiota development in naturally delivered canine puppies and to investigate its relationship with the maternal bacterial flora, using traditional culture and molecular analyses. Sixty puppies of two breeds, Appenzeller Cattle Dog (n = 3 dams) and Lagotto Romagnolo (n = 6), housed in the same breeding kennel, were included in the study.

Swinepox virus: an unusual outbreak in free-range pig farms in Sicily (Italy).

Background: Two outbreaks of swinepox were investigated in free-range domestic pig farms located in the northeastern side of Sicily, Italy. The disease is generally self-limiting with a low mortality rate, but morbidity can reach high rates in case of poor sanitary conditions, improper husbandry practices and ectoparasitic infestation. The presented cases are the first ever reported on the island and part of the few cases reported in domestic pigs.

Efficiency of recombinant Ybgf in a double antigen-ELISA for the detection of Coxiella antibodies in ruminants.

Q fever is a zoonosis whose main reservoirs are domestic ruminants. Surveillance in these species is carried out mainly with serological tests, which, however, have limited diagnostic performance, and their manufacturing requires laboratories equipped with high biosafety requirements for antigen production. Recombinant ELISAs do not depend on these requirements and, being based on a single antigen, can reduce potential false positivity by identifying antibodies specific to a phase of infection.

Detection and genetic characterization of chicken astrovirus and avian nephritis virus from hatchery to farm.

Identified the role of the hatchery in astrovirus transmission.Sequenced the avian nephritis virus complete genome.Investigated tissue distribution of astrovirus from egg to chicks.

Development of a Bead-Based Multiplex Fluorescent Immunoassay to Detect Antibodies against Maedi-Visna Virus in Sheep.

The Maedi-visna virus (MVV) causes a persistent infection in small ruminants, and its high genetic heterogeneity affects the performance of diagnostic tests when used in different populations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a bead-based multiplex immunoassay tailored to detect antibodies against a Norwegian MVV strain. We used tissue samples from 14 PCR-positive sheep from a recent MVV outbreak in Norway to sequence the viral strain and produced recombinant antigens based on sequences from one animal.

A Combined Approach for the Characterization of Small Ruminant Lentivirus Strains Circulating in the Islands and Mainland of Greece.

Small ruminant lentiviruses are a group of viruses infecting goat and sheep worldwide. These viruses exhibit an extraordinary degree of genetic and antigenic variability that severely influence in vivo and in vitro features, as well as diagnostic test results. Small ruminant farming is the most important animal farming business in Greece, with a high impact on the Greek primary economy.

Serological and Molecular Characterization of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses in Morocco.

Recent studies that investigated the origins of SRLV strains offered new insights into their distribution among domestic ruminants. The aim of the study was to investigate SRLV circulation in Morocco. A total of 51 farms were selected in different geographical locations and tested by screening and genotyping ELISA.

A semi-quantitative visual lateral flow immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection for the follow-up of immune response to vaccination or recovery.

The lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) technique is largely employed for the point-of-care detection of antibodies especially for revealing the immune response in serum. Visual LFIAs usually provide the qualitative yes/no detection of antibodies, while quantification requires some equipment, making the assay more expensive and complicated. To achieve visual semi-quantification, the alignment of several lines (made of the same antigen) along a LFIA strip has been proposed.

Experimental design for the development of a multiplex antigen lateral flow immunoassay detecting the Southern African Territory (SAT) serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus.

Antigenic lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) rely on the non-competitive sandwich format, including a detection (labelled) antibody and a capture antibody immobilised onto the analytical membrane. When the same antibody is used for the capture and the detection (single epitope immunoassay), the saturation of analyte epitopes by the probe compromises the capture and lowers the sensitivity. Hence, several factors, including the amount of the probe, the antibody-to-label ratio, and the contact time between the probe and the analyte before reaching the capture antibody, must be adjusted.

Detection of antibodies in ruminants using a SucB recombinant antigen.

The detection of in ruminants remains challenging despite the use of new technology and the accumulation of novel knowledge. Serology tools, the primary methods of infection surveillance in veterinary medicine, have limitations. We used recombinant antigen production to develop an ELISA based on the SucB protein, one of the major immunodominant antigens described in humans and laboratory animals.

Challenging the Hypothesis of in Utero Microbiota Acquisition in Healthy Canine and Feline Pregnancies at Term: Preliminary Data.

At present, there are no data on the presence of bacteria in healthy canine and feline pregnancies at term. Here, we investigated the uterine microbiome in bitches ( = 5) and queens ( = 3) undergoing elective cesarean section in two facilities. Samples included swabs from the endometrium, amniotic fluid, and meconium, and environmental swabs of the surgical tray as controls.

Development of molecular and antigenic-based rapid tests for the identification of African swine fever virus in different tissues.

African swine fever (ASF) is a severe haemorrhagic infectious disease affecting suids, thus representing a great economic concern. Considering the importance of the early diagnosis, rapid point of care testing (POCT) for ASF is highly demanded. In this work, we developed two strategies for the rapid onsite diagnosis of ASF, based on Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFIA) and Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) techniques.

A method to test antibody cross-reactivity toward animal antigens for flow cytometry.

The availability of cross-reacting antibodies and/or of antibodies working in flow cytometry is a major issue in the veterinary field. One of the main problems is the availability of certain positive controls. With this brief communication, we report an method to quickly screen a wide number of products without the need to look for positive biological samples.

Investigation of the "Antigen Hook Effect" in Lateral Flow Sandwich Immunoassay: The Case of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Detection.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious disease affecting bovine with severe symptomatology. The implementation of effective control strategies to prevent infection outbreak requires rapid diagnostic tools. Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), targeting different epitopes of the LSDV structural protein p32, and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used to set up a colorimetric sandwich-type lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA).

Serological Evidence of Q Fever among Dairy Cattle and Buffalo Populations in the Campania Region, Italy.

Due to its economic impact on livestock and its zoonotic effect, Q fever is a public and animal health problem. Information on this infection in Italy is presently supported by reports of reproductive problems in livestock farms and is, therefore, insufficient to properly understand the impact of the disease. This study aimed to describe for the first time the seroprevalence of Q fever in dairy cows and water buffalos in the Campania region (Southern Italy).

Susceptibility of different TMEM154 genotypes in three Italian sheep breeds infected by different SRLV genotypes.

Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) belong to the Retroviridae family and can cause various diseases. One of the most impacting diseases is visna-maedi, a complex disease characterized by long latencies and chronic progressive inflammatory events affecting the nervous system, lungs, mammary gland, and articular joints. A single nucleotide polymorphism (rs408593969, c.

Characterization of recombinant Ybgf protein for the detection of antibodies in ruminants.

Q fever remains a One Health problem, posing a zoonotic threat and causing significant economic losses to the livestock industry. The advancement of detection tools is critical to the effective control of infection. In humans, laboratory investigations depend largely on the immunofluorescence assay, considered the gold standard.

Pulmonary fibrosis in a dog as a sequela of infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2? A case report.

Background: Interstitial lung disease is a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by severe radiographic changes and clinicopathological findings. However, in the vast majority of cases, the cause remains unknown.

Case Description: In the present study, we reported the clinical case of a 3 years old female Bull Terrier presented in October 2020 to the Advanced Diagnostic Imaging Department of the Turin Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a progressive pulmonary illness characterized by dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and a diffuse and severe pulmonary interstitial pattern at imaging investigations.

The evolution of dam-litter microbial flora from birth to 60 days of age.

Background: Early bacterial colonization in puppies is still a poorly understood phenomenon. Although the topic is of considerable interest, a big gap in knowledge still exists on the understanding of timing and features of neonatal gut colonization. Thence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between dam and litter microbial flora, in vaginally delivered puppies, from birth to two months of age.

Detailed epitope mapping of SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein reveals specific immunoresponse in cats and dogs housed with COVID-19 patients.

Since the initial emergence in December 2019, the novel Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported in over 200 countries, representing an unprecedented challenge related to disease control worldwide. In this context, cases of human to animal transmission have been reported, raising concern about the potential role of companion animals in the pandemic and stressing the need for reliable animal testing. In the study, a detailed epitope mapping of SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein, using both human and pet sera, allowed the identification of the most antigenic region in the C-terminus domain of the protein, which was used to develop an experimental double antigen-based ELISA.