Screen Use at Bedtime and Sleep Duration and Quality Among Youths.

Importance: Although questionnaire-based cross-sectional research suggests that screen time before bed correlates with poor sleep, self-reported data seem unlikely to capture the complexity of modern screen use, requiring objective night-by-night measures to advance this field.

Objective: To examine whether evening screen time is associated with sleep duration and quality that night in youths.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This repeated-measures cohort study was performed from March to December 2021 in participant homes in Dunedin, New Zealand.

Nourishing the Infant Gut Microbiome to Support Immune Health: Protocol of SUN (Seeding Through Feeding) Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The introduction of complementary foods during the first year of life influences the diversity of the gut microbiome. How this diversity affects immune development and health is unclear.

Objective: This study evaluates the effect of consuming kūmara or kūmara with added banana powder (resistant starch) compared to a reference control at 4 months post randomization on the prevalence of respiratory tract infections and the development of the gut microbiome.

The measurement of young children's nocturnal sleep health and the development of the Perception of Infant and Toddler Sleep Scale (PoITSS) in Aotearoa New Zealand whānau (families).

Objectives: To modify an existing questionnaire Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire - Revised (BISQ-R) to ensure that it is suitable to measure nocturnal sleep health in a diverse sample of young children from Aotearoa New Zealand whānau (families), and to develop a "Perception of Infant and Toddler Sleep Scale" (PoITSS) to use as a primary outcome measurement in an upcoming trial.

Methods: Items from the BISQ-R were adapted for use among ethnically diverse whānau, and tested online with caregivers of 0-2 year old children. A PoITSS score was generated by scaling the responses from three of the questionnaire items to create a value between 0 (very poor) and 10 (very good).

Protocol for a prospective, multicenter, parallel-group, open-label randomized controlled trial comparing standard care with Closed lOoP In chiLdren and yOuth with Type 1 diabetes and high-risk glycemic control: the CO-PILOT trial.

Purpose: Advanced hybrid closed loop (AHCL) systems have the potential to improve glycemia and reduce burden for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Children and youth, who are at particular risk for out-of-target glycemia, may have the most to gain from AHCL. However, no randomized controlled trial (RCT) specifically targeting this age group with very high HbA has previously been attempted.

Losing sleep influences dietary intake in children: a longitudinal compositional analysis of a randomised crossover trial.

Background: Although inadequate sleep increases the risk of obesity in children, the mechanisms remain unclear. The aims of this study were to assess how sleep loss influenced dietary intake in children while accounting for corresponding changes in sedentary time and physical activity; and to investigate how changes in time use related to dietary intake.

Methods: A randomized crossover trial in 105 healthy children (8-12 years) with normal sleep (~ 8-11 h/night) compared sleep extension (asked to turn lights off one hour earlier than usual for one week) and sleep restriction (turn lights off one hour later) conditions, separated by a washout week.

Predictors for achieving optimal sleep in healthy children: Exploring sleep patterns in a sleep extension trial.

Study Objectives: Earlier bedtimes can help some children get more sleep, but we don't know which children, or what features of their usual sleep patterns could predict success with this approach. Using data from a randomized crossover trial of sleep manipulation, we sought to determine this.

Methods: Participants were 99 children aged 8-12years (49.

Development of a Protocol for Objectively Measuring Digital Device Use in Youth.

Introduction: Screen time is predominantly measured using questionnaires assessing a limited range of activities. This project aimed to develop a coding protocol that reliably identified screen time, including device type and specific screen behaviors, from video-camera footage.

Methods: Screen use was captured from wearable and stationary PatrolEyes video cameras in 43 participants (aged 10-14 years) within the home environment (May-December 2021, coding in 2022, statistical analysis in 2023).

Effect of Sleep Changes on Health-Related Quality of Life in Healthy Children: A Secondary Analysis of the DREAM Crossover Trial.

Importance: Little is known regarding the effect of poor sleep on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in healthy children.

Objective: To determine the effect of induced mild sleep deprivation on HRQOL in children without major sleep issues.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prespecified secondary analysis focused on HRQOL, a secondary outcome of the Daily Rest, Eating, and Activity Monitoring (DREAM) randomized crossover trial of children who underwent alternating weeks of sleep restriction and sleep extension and a 1-week washout in between.

The effect of modest changes in sleep on dietary intake and eating behavior in children: secondary outcomes of a randomized crossover trial.

Background: Insufficient sleep duration increases obesity risk in children, but the mechanisms remain unclear.

Objectives: This study seeks to determine how changes in sleep influence energy intake and eating behavior.

Methods: Sleep was experimentally manipulated in a randomized, crossover study in 105 children (8-12 y) who met current sleep guidelines (8-11 h/night).

Where does the time go when children don't sleep? A randomized crossover study.

Objective: This study aimed to describe how mild sleep deprivation in children changes time spent physically active and sedentary.

Methods: In 2018 through 2020, children (n = 105) with normal sleep were randomized to go to bed 1 hour earlier (extension) or 1 hour later (restriction) than their usual bedtime for 1 week, each separated by a 1-week washout. Twenty-four-hour movement behaviors were measured with waist-worn actigraphy and expressed in minutes and proportions (percentages).

The OPTIMISE study protocol: a multicentre optimisation trial comparing continuous glucose monitoring, snacking habits, sleep extension and values-guided self-care interventions to improve glucose time-in-range in young people (13-20 years) with type 1 diabetes.

Purpose: The OPTIMISE study uses a Multiphase Optimisation Strategy (MOST) to identify the best combination of four interventions targeting key diabetes self-care behaviours for use in clinical practice to improve short-term glycaemic outcomes.

Methods: This 4-week intervention trial will recruit 80 young people (aged 13-20 years) with type 1 diabetes ≥ 6 months duration), and pre-enrolment HbA1c ≥ 58 mmol/mol (7.5%) in the prior 6 months.

Protocol for the Let's Grow randomised controlled trial: examining efficacy, cost-effectiveness and scalability of a m-Health intervention for movement behaviours in toddlers.

Introduction: Despite being an important period for the development of movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep), few interventions commencing prior to preschool have been trialled. The primary aim of this trial is to assess the 12-month efficacy of the mHealth intervention, designed to improve the composition of movement behaviours in children from 2 years of age. is novel in considering composition of movement behaviours as the primary outcome, using non-linear dynamical approaches for intervention delivery, and incorporating planning for real-world implementation and scale-up from its inception.

The effect of do-it-yourself real-time continuous glucose monitoring on psychological and glycemic variables in children with type 1 diabetes: A randomized crossover trial.

Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) decreases fear of hypoglycemia (FOH) and improves glycemic control among those affected by type 1 diabetes (T1D). No studies to date have examined the impact of using do-it-yourself real-time continuous glucose monitoring (DIY RT-CGM) on psychological and glycemic outcomes.

Methods: Child-parent dyads were recruited for a multicentre randomized crossover trial.

Can sleep questionnaires predict adenotonsillectomy outcome for children with sleep disordered breathing?

Introduction: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the main cause of childhood sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and adenotonsillectomy (TA) the most common treatment. Polysomnography (PSG) for diagnosing SDB is often difficult to obtain with Otolaryngologists usually relying on history and examination when recommending TA. Questionnaires assessing quality of life (QoL) may assist the Otolaryngologists decision making.

Use of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring in young people with high-risk type 1 diabetes-Extension phase outcomes following a 6-month randomized control trial.

Aims: To describe the impact of a 12-month intervention using intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) on glycaemic control and glucose test frequency in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and high-risk glycaemic control (HbA ≥75 mmol/mol [≥9.0%]).

Methods: In total, 64 young people (aged 13-20 years, 16.

Measuring short-term eating behaviour and desire to eat: Validation of the child eating behaviour questionnaire and a computerized 'desire to eat' computerized questionnaire.

The Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) is designed to measure 'usual' eating behaviour, with no time period attached, thus may not be suitable for assessing the effectiveness of short-term experimental studies. The aim of this study was to validate i) the CEBQ adapted to measure 'past week' rather than 'usual' eating behaviour, and ii) a computerized questionnaire assessing desire to eat core and non-core foods, against an objective measure of eating behaviour and food intake (eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) experiment). Children (n = 103) aged 8-12 years completed the desire to eat questionnaire followed by the EAH experiment while primary caregivers completed the adapted CEBQ.

Adherence to 24-h movement behavior guidelines and psychosocial functioning in young children: a longitudinal analysis.

Background: A recent paradigm shift has highlighted the importance of considering how sleep, physical activity and sedentary behaviour work together to influence health, rather than examining each behaviour individually. We aimed to determine how adherence to 24-h movement behavior guidelines from infancy to the preschool years influences mental health and self-regulation at 5 years of age.

Methods: Twenty-four hour movement behaviors were measured by 7-day actigraphy (physical activity, sleep) or questionnaires (screen time) in 528 children at 1, 2, 3.

Eating in the absence of hunger in children with mild sleep loss: a randomized crossover trial with learning effects.

Background: While insufficient sleep duration has emerged as a strong, independent risk factor for obesity, the mechanisms remain unclear. One possibility is greater "eating in the absence of hunger" (EAH) or energy intake beyond the point of satiety, when tired.

Objective: The aim was to determine whether mild sleep loss increases EAH in children.

Do sleep interventions change sleep duration in children aged 0-5 years? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

This review investigated whether randomised controlled trials attempting to improve sleep or prevent sleep problems in 0-5 year olds influenced nocturnal sleep duration, day-time naps, or 24-h sleep. Medline (Ovid), EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched from inception until 9 July 2020 and supplemented with hand searching. Search results were screened, eligible data were extracted, and risk of bias was assessed by at least two reviewers.

Impact of high-risk glycemic control on habitual sleep patterns and sleep quality among youth (13-20 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared to controls without diabetes.

Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), glycemic control and sleep have a bidirectional relationship, with unhealthy glycemic control impacting sleep, and inadequate sleep impacting diabetes management. Youth are at risk for poor quality sleep; however, little is known about sleep among youth with high-risk glycemic control.

Objective: To assess differences in habitual sleep timing, duration, and quality among youth with T1D and controls.

Bidirectional associations between sleep quality or quantity, and dietary intakes or eating behaviors in children 6-12 years old: a systematic review with evidence mapping.

Context: Although dietary advice has long been a cornerstone of a healthy lifestyle, how sleep quality and quantity may interact with dietary intake or eating behaviors remains unclear.

Objective: To consider a bidirectional relationship between sleep and diet in children aged 6-12 years via a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines.

Data Sources: Relevant trials and observational studies were identified by searching the PubMed, Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL databases up to June 1, 2019, without language or date restrictions and supplemented with hand searching.