Pilot study: A simple CAD-based tool to detect breast cancer on MRI of the breast.

Purpose: This pilot-study aims to assess, whether quantitatively assessed enhancing breast tissue as a percentage of the entire breast volume can serve as an indicator of breast cancer at breast MRI and whether the contrast-agent employed affects diagnostic efficacy.

Materials: This retrospective IRB-approved study, included 39 consecutive patients, that underwent two subsequent breast MRI exams for suspicious findings at conventional imaging with 0.1 mmol/kg gadobenic and gadoteric acid.

Automated analysis of the total choline resonance peak in breast proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

The aim of the current study was to compare the performance of fully automated software with human expert interpretation of single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) spectra in the assessment of breast lesions. Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (including contrast-enhanced T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and diffusion-weighted imaging) and 1H-MRS images of 74 consecutive patients were acquired on a 3-T positron emission tomography-MRI scanner then automatically imported into and analyzed by SpecTec-ULR 1.1 software (LifeTec Solutions GmbH).

Evaluation of 3.0-T MRI Brain Signal after Exposure to Gadoterate Meglumine in Women with High Breast Cancer Risk and Screening Breast MRI.

Background Otherwise healthy women at high risk for breast cancer undergo annual contrast agent-enhanced breast MRI screening examinations, resulting in high cumulative doses of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). Whereas the majority of studies showed no T1 signal ratio increase in deep brain nuclei after more than six doses of macrocyclic GBCA, this has not been explored in a healthy study population. Purpose To assess whether women who are administered large cumulative doses of macrocyclic GBCA with breast MRI at high-risk breast cancer screening exhibit T1 alterations in deep brain nuclei.

Development of a Non-invasive Assessment of Hypoxia and Neovascularization with Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Benign and Malignant Breast Tumors: Initial Results.

Purpose: To develop a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach for the noninvasive assessment of hypoxia and neovascularization in breast tumors.

Procedures: In this IRB-approved prospective study, 20 patients with suspicious breast lesions (BI-RADS 4/5) underwent multiparametric breast MRI including quantitative BOLD (qBOLD) and vascular architecture mapping (VAM). Custom-made in-house MatLab software was used for qBOLD and VAM data postprocessing and calculation of quantitative MRI biomarker maps of oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), metabolic rate of oxygen (MRO), and mitochondrial oxygen tension (mitoPO) to measure tissue hypoxia and neovascularization including vascular architecture including microvessel radius (VSI), density (MVD), and type (MTI).

MRI for the assessment of malignancy in BI-RADS 4 mammographic microcalcifications.

Purpose: Assess the performance of breast MRI to diagnose breast cancer in BI-RADS 4 microcalcifications detected by mammography.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective, IRB-approved study included 248 consecutive contrast-enhanced breast MRI (1.5T, protocol in accordance with EUSOBI recommendations) performed to further diagnose BI-RADS 4 microcalcifications detected at mammography during a 3-year period.

Is breast MRI a helpful additional diagnostic test in suspicious mammographic microcalcifications?

Purpose: Microcalcifications are a common finding in mammography and usually require invasive procedures to diagnose or exclude malignancy. As many microcalcifications are due to benign lesions, we wanted to assess whether breast MRI as an additional diagnostic tool may be used to distinguish benign from malignant in this setting.

Materials And Methods: Eligible for this retrospective, IRB-approved observational study were 858 consecutive patients (mean age 54±11years) undergoing stereotactically-guided biopsies of suspicious mammographic microcalcifications during three year at our institution.

Automated Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Breast MRI: Potential Imaging Biomarker for the Prediction of Tissue Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Background: We aimed to investigate an automated semi-quantitative software as an imaging biomarker for the prediction of tissue response (TR) after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Methods: Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (1.5T, protocol according to international recommendations) of 67 patients with biopsy-proven invasive breast cancer were examined before and after NAC.

MR Imaging for Diagnosis of Malignancy in Mammographic Microcalcifications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose To assess the use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for diagnosis of malignancy in lesions that manifest as microcalcifications at mammography. Materials and Methods Two independent readers performed a systematic review of the literature published as of February 1, 2016, by using predefined search terms. All studies in which contrast material-enhanced MR imaging was used for assessment of mammographic microcalcifications that were assigned Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) scores of 3-5 were deemed eligible.

Correction: MRI Background Parenchymal Enhancement Is Not Associated with Breast Cancer.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Diagnostic Performance of Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Non-Calcified Equivocal Breast Findings: Results from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of MRI for diagnosis of breast cancer in non-calcified equivocal breast findings.

Materials And Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed studies in PubMed from 01/01/1986 until 06/15/2015. Eligible were studies applying dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI as an adjunct to conventional imaging (mammography, ultrasound) to clarify equivocal findings without microcalcifications.

MRI Background Parenchymal Enhancement Is Not Associated with Breast Cancer.

Background: Previously, a strong positive association between background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and breast cancer was reported in high-risk populations. We sought to determine, whether this was also true for non-high-risk patients.

Methods: 540 consecutive patients underwent breast MRI for assessment of breast findings (BI-RADS 0-5, non-high-risk screening (no familial history of breast cancer, no known genetic mutation, no prior chest irradiation, or previous breast cancer diagnosis)) and subsequent histological work-up.

Inflammation Modulates RLIP76/RALBP1 Electrophile-Glutathione Conjugate Transporter and Housekeeping Genes in Human Blood-Brain Barrier Endothelial Cells.

Endothelial cells are often present at inflammation sites. This is the case of endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of patients afflicted with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, or multiple sclerosis, as well as in cases of bacterial meningitis, trauma, or tumor-associated ischemia. Inflammation is a known modulator of gene expression through the activation of transcription factors, mostly NF-κB.

Gene symbol precision.

Several gene databases, including heavily used ones such as the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, erroneously assign, on occasion, literature references to genes or proteins. These mistakes are mostly due to an overlap in gene aliases, whereby two distinct genes share a pseudonym. This is particularly confusing when the gene products have also biological properties in common, are part of signaling pathways that cross-talk to one another, or are regulated by the same effectors.

Blood-brain barrier cell line PBMEC/C1-2 possesses functionally active P-glycoprotein.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains the homeostasis between the central nervous system and the blood circulation. One of the main efflux transporter proteins at the BBB is P-glycoprotein (P-gP) also known as ABCB1 or MDR1. Due to the important role of P-gP for the transport barrier function of the BBB, the presence and functionality of P-gP was investigated in porcine cell line PBMEC/C1-2.