Richter Transformation Arising From Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

This article presents a case of a patient diagnosed with an indolent form of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). He was being followed with close observation when he was diagnosed with Richter transformation, an aggressive lymphoma that develops from CLL. The development of Richter transformation carries a poor prognosis, in part, because of underlying molecular changes that give rise to the transformation.

Management of Hematologic Adverse Events Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors target suppressor receptors, including cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). The activated T cells are not antigen specific; therefore, the blockade of the immune checkpoint may result in the development of autoimmune adverse events. The most common immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are rash, colitis, and endocrinopathies.

Management of Acute Pancreatitis Associated With Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Pancreatitis is a rare immune-related adverse event (irAE) associated with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). It is more often associated with combined immunotherapy than by any single agent. Early signs of pancreatitis may only include elevation of lipase and amylase.

Overview of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Objectives: To provide an overview of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).

Data Sources: Review and research articles.

Conclusion: NHLs are divided primarily into two main categories based on their rate of growth: aggressive and indolent.