Stress physiology of Moringa oleifera under tropospheric ozone enrichment: An ecotype-specific investigation into growth, nonstructural carbohydrates, and polyphenols.

Ozone (O) is an oxidative pollutant that significantly threatens plant development and ecological dynamics. The present study explores the impact of O on Moringa (Moringa oleifera) ecotypes when exposed to ambient and elevated O levels. Elevated O concentrations resulted in significant reductions in total biomass for all ecotypes.

Unraveling the difference of sensitivity to ozone between non-hybrid native poplar and hybrid poplar clones: A flux-based dose-response analysis.

Poplars are economically important tree crops and biologically important model plants, which are known to be sensitive to ozone (O). Although surface O is considered as a significant global environmental issue because of its phytotoxicity and greenhouse effect, the knowledge of the dose-response (DR) relationships in poplars for the assessment of O risk is still limited. Hence, this study aimed at collecting data of studies with manipulative O exposures of poplars within FACE (Free Air Concentration Enhancement) and OTC (Open-Top Chamber) facilities.

Ozone risk assessment with free-air controlled exposure (FACE) experiments: A critical revisit.

Since risk assessments of tropospheric ozone (O) are crucial for agricultural and forestry sectors, there is a growing body for realistic assessments by a stomatal flux-based approach in Free-Air Controlled Exposure (FACE) facilities. Ozone risks are normally described as relative risks (RRs), which are calculated by assuming the biomass or yield at zero O dose as "reference". However, the estimation of the reference biomass or yield is challenging due to a lack of O-clean-air treatment at the FACEs and the extrapolation without data in a low O range increases the bias for estimating the reference values.

Untangling the role of leaf age specific osmoprotectant and antioxidant responses of two poplar clones under increasing ozone concentrations.

Plants possess different degrees of tolerance to abiotic stress, which can mitigate the detrimental effect of environmental inputs affecting carbon balance. Less is known about the functions of osmoprotectants in scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated at different sites depending on leaf age. This study aimed to clarify the osmotic adjustments adopted by old and young leaves of Oxford and I-214 poplar clones [differing in ozone (O) sensitivity] to cope with three levels of O [ambient (AA), and two elevated O levels].

An assessment of ozone risk for date palm suggests that phytotoxic ozone dose nonlinearly affects carbon gain.

Tropospheric ozone (O) is a significant phytotoxic air pollutant that has a negative impact on plant carbon gain. Although date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a globally important crop in arid or semi-arid regions, so far O risk assessment for this species has not been reported.

The magpie and the grapes: increasing ozone exposure impacts fruit consumption by a common corvid in a suburban environment.

Background: The Eurasian magpie Pica pica is a resident bird species able to colonize farmlands and anthropized environments. This corvid shows a wide trophic spectrum by including fruits, invertebrates, small vertebrates and carcasses in its diet. A camera-trap experiment was carried out to test the effect of different ozone (O) concentrations on potted Vitis vinifera plants, which resulted in different grape consumption rates by suburban birds.

A three-year free-air experimental assessment of ozone risk on the perennial Vitis vinifera crop species.

Tropospheric ozone (O) is an oxidative air pollutant that promotes damage to several crops, including grapevine, which is considered moderately resistant to O stress. To study the O effect on this perennial crop species under realistic environmental conditions, a three-year experiment was performed using an innovative O-FACE facility located in the Mediterranean climate region, where the target species, Vitis vinifera cv. "Cabernet sauvignon", was exposed to three O levels: ambient (AA), 1.

Unveiling resilience mechanisms of Quercus ilex seedlings to severe water stress: Changes in non-structural carbohydrates, xylem hydraulic functionality and wood anatomy.

Over the last few decades, extensive dieback and mortality episodes of Quercus ilex L. have been documented after severe drought events in many Mediterranean forests. However, the underlying physiological, anatomical, and biochemical mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Visible Foliar Injury and Ecophysiological Responses to Ozone and Drought in Oak Seedlings.

To verify the responses of visible foliar injury (VFI), we exposed seedlings of three oak species for 4.5 months in an open air facility, using differing ozone (O) and drought treatments: O (three levels from ambient to ×1.4 ambient), and drought (three levels of irrigation from 40% to 100% field capacity).

Ozone Impact on Emission of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds in Three Tropical Tree Species From the Atlantic Forest Remnants in Southeast Brazil.

Plants emit a broad number of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs) that can impact urban ozone (O) production. Conversely, the O is a phytotoxic pollutant that causes unknown alterations in BVOC emissions from native plants. In this sense, here, we characterized the constitutive and O-induced BVOCs for two (2dO) and four (4dO) days of exposure (O dose 80 ppb) and evaluated the O response by histochemical techniques to detect programmed cell death (PCD) and hydrogen peroxide (HO) in three Brazilian native species.

Experimental assessment of ozone risk on ecotypes of the tropical tree Moringa oleifera.

Ozone (O) is an oxidative air pollutant that affects plant growth. Moringa oleifera is a tree species distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions. This species presents high morphological plasticity, which increases its ability to tolerate stressful conditions, but with no O risk assessment calculated so far.

Foliage visible injury in the tropical tree species, Astronium graveolens is strictly related to phytotoxic ozone dose (PODy).

The present study evaluates the development of visible injury related to phytotoxic ozone dose (PODy) in native tropical species Astronium graveolens Jacq. (Anacardiaceae) and validates the symptoms using structural markers attributed to oxidative burst and hypersensitive responses. Increasing POD was associated with increasing O visible injury using different metrics as the incidence (INC = number of injured plants/total number of plants × 100), severity (SF = number of injured leaves/total number of leaves on injured plant × 100), and severity leaflet (SFL = number of injured leaflets/total number leaflets injured plant × 100).

Phenotypic plasticity of two ecotypes from different climatic zones under water stress and re-watering.

is a fast-growing hygrophilic tree native to a humid sub-tropical region of India, now widely planted in many regions of the Southern Hemisphere characterized by low soil water availability. The widespread cultivation of this plant worldwide may have led to populations with different physiological and biochemical traits. In this work, the impact of water stress on the physiology and biochemistry of two populations, one from Chaco Paraguayo (PY) and one from Indian Andhra Pradesh (IA) region, was studied in a screenhouse experiment where the water stress treatment was followed by re-watering.

Ozone affects leaf physiology and causes injury to foliage of native tree species from the tropical Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil.

In southern Brazil, the recent increase in tropospheric ozone (O) concentrations poses an additional threat to the biodiverse but endangered and fragmented remnants of the Atlantic Forest. Given the mostly unknown sensitivity of tropical species to oxidative stress, the principal objective of this study was to determine whether the current O levels in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (MRC), downwind of São Paulo, affect the native vegetation of forest remnants. Foliar responses to O of three tree species typical of the MRC forests were investigated using indoor chamber exposure experiments under controlled conditions and a field survey.

Tillandsia usneoides: A successful alternative for biomonitoring changes in air quality due to a new highway in São Paulo, Brazil.

Tillandsia usneoides is an aerial epiphytic bromeliad that absorbs water and nutrients directly from the atmosphere by scales covering its surface. We expanded the use of this species as a broader biomonitor based on chemical and structural markers to detect changes in air quality. The usefulness of such comprehensive approach was tested during the construction and opening of a highway (SP-21) in São Paulo State, Brazil.

Tillandsia usneoides: a successful alternative for biomonitoring changes in air quality due to a new highway in São Paulo, Brazil.

Tillandsia usneoides is an aerial epiphytic bromeliad that absorbs water and nutrients directly from the atmosphere by scales covering its surface. We expanded the use of this species as a broader biomonitor based on chemical and structural markers to detect changes in air quality. The usefulness of such comprehensive approach was tested during the construction and opening of a highway (SP-21) in São Paulo State, Brazil.

Response of Brazilian native trees to acute ozone dose.

Ozone (O3) is a toxic secondary pollutant able to cause an intense oxidative stress that induces visual symptoms on sensitive plant species. Controlled fumigation experiment was conducted with the aim to verify the O3 sensibility of three tropical species: Piptadenia gonoachanta (Mart.) Macbr.