Grip Strength Trajectories and Cognition in English and Chilean Older Adults: A Cross-Cohort Study.

Growing evidence about the link between cognitive and physical decline suggests the early changes in physical functioning as a potential biomarker for cognitive impairment. Thus, we compared grip-strength trajectories over 12-16 years in three groups classified according to their cognitive status (two stable patterns, normal and impaired cognitive performance, and a declining pattern) in two representative UK and Chilean older adult samples. The samples consisted of 7069 UK (ELSA) and 1363 Chilean participants (ALEXANDROS).

Exploring the Association between Vitamin D and Changes in Cognitive Function in Chilean Older Adults: Evidence from the ALEXANDROS Cohort Study.

Background: The increasing aging of the population with the consequent increase of age-associated cognitive disorders pose the challenge of controlling its preventable risk factors, among which vitamin D deficit is a putative factor. Thus, our objective is to explore the association between vitamin D and cognitive performance in a cohort study of community-dwelling Chilean older people. Material and Methods: Cohort study of 955 (69.

[Quality of life of older people with depression and dependence: validity of the SF-12 (short form health survey) questionnaire].

Background: Depression and dependence have a great impact on the quality of life of older people.

Aim: To validate the SF-12 (short-form) health related quality of care questionnaire (HRQOL) as an alternative of the SF-36 to estimate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its association with depression and dependence in Chilean older people living in the community.

Material And Methods: The questionnaire was answered by 4,124 Chilean older people (61% women).

Genetic determinants of metabolic biomarkers and their associations with cardiometabolic traits in Hispanic/Latino adolescents.

Background: Metabolic regulation plays a significant role in energy homeostasis, and adolescence is a crucial life stage for the development of cardiometabolic disease (CMD). This study aims to investigate the genetic determinants of metabolic biomarkers-adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, and orexin-and their associations with CMD risk factors.

Methods: We characterized the genetic determinants of the biomarkers among Hispanic/Latino adolescents of the Santiago Longitudinal Study (SLS) and identified the cumulative effects of genetic variants on adiponectin and leptin using biomarker polygenic risk scores (PRS).

Sarcopenic metabolomic profile reflected a sarcopenic phenotype associated with amino acid and essential fatty acid changes.

Introduction: Although sarcopenia greatly affects health and quality of life in older people, its pathophysiological causes are not fully elucidated. To face this challenge, omics technologies can be used. The metabolome gives a vision of the interaction between the genome and the environment through metabolic networks, thus contributing in clarifying the pathophysiology of the sarcopenic phenotype.

Besides Sarcopenia, Pre-Sarcopenia Also Predicts All-Cause Mortality in Older Chileans.

Purpose: Many studies have demonstrated that Sarcopenia causes a serious impact on health, including death in older adults. The objective of this study was to determine the association of sarcopenia and pre-sarcopenia with all-cause mortality in older Chileans.

Subjects And Methods: Follow-up of 2311 community-dwelling people ≥ 60y from the Alexandros cohort.

Genome-wide association study identifying novel variant for fasting insulin and allelic heterogeneity in known glycemic loci in Chilean adolescents: The Santiago Longitudinal Study.

Background: The genetic underpinnings of glycemic traits have been understudied in adolescent and Hispanic/Latino (H/L) populations in comparison to adults and populations of European ancestry.

Objective: To identify genetic factors underlying glycemic traits in an adolescent H/L population.

Methods: We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of fasting glucose (FG) and fasting insulin (FI) in H/L adolescents from the Santiago Longitudinal Study.

Osteosarcopenia Predicts Falls, Fractures, and Mortality in Chilean Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of osteosarcopenia and its association with falls, fractures, and mortality in community-dwelling older adults.

Design: Follow-up of ALEXANDROS cohorts designed to study disability associated with obesity in older adults.

Setting And Participants: Community-dwelling people aged 60 years and older living in Chile.

Software for the Diagnosis of Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Design and Validation Study.

Background: The usual diagnosis of sarcopenia requires a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) exam, which has low accessibility in primary care for Latin American countries.

Objective: The aim of this study is to design and validate software for mobile devices (Android, IOS) and computers, based on an adapted version of the diagnostic algorithm of sarcopenia proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP).

Methods: Follow-up exams were conducted on 430 community-dwelling Chileans 60 years and older (mean 68.

The association of VDR polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes in older people living in community in Santiago de Chile.

Introduction: Several polymorphisms have been associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes in different populations.

Objective: To investigate the frequencies of a genetic polymorphism of vitamin D receptor (FokI and BsmI) in patients with T2D.

Methods: The case-control study was conducted in 138 patients with T2D and 172 control subjects, men and women (60-79 years old).

Reference values of hand-grip dynamometry and the relationship between low strength and mortality in older Chileans.

Aim: This study was aimed to set reference values of hand-grip strength by age and sex and validate cut points for risk of functional limitation and mortality in older Chileans.

Methods: This was a pooled analysis of four studies including 6,426 people ≥60 years of nondependent community-dwelling Chileans. After exclusion criteria, the final sample included 5,250 subjects, from whom 2,193 were followed to study all-cause mortality associated with low hand-grip strength.

Frequency of frailty and its association with cognitive status and survival in older Chileans.

Background: Age-associated brain physiologic decline and reduced mobility are key elements of increased age-associated vulnerability.

Objective: To study the frequency of frailty phenotype and its association with mental health and survival in older Chileans.

Methods: Follow-up of ALEXANDROS cohorts designed to study disability associated with obesity in community-dwelling people 60 years and older living in Santiago, Chile.

Low Leptin Availability as a Risk Factor for Dementia in Chilean Older People.

Objective: The aim was to study the role of leptin in the development of dementia.

Methods: Follow-up of the ALEXANDROS cohorts, with baseline measurements in 2000. From 1,136 available subjects free of dementia at baseline, 667 subjects had frozen baseline blood samples for measuring leptin and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R).

polymorphism in vitamin D receptor gene: Differential expression of TNFα in peripheral mononuclear cells of type 2 diabetic subjects.

Introduction: polymorphism has been associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in some populations.

Objective: To investigate the frequencies of a genetic polymorphism of Vitamin D receptor () in patients with T2D and control subjects and investigate the role of 1,25(OH)D in the expression of pro-inflammatory markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Methods: The case-control study was conducted in 160 patients with T2D and 160 control subjects, men and women (30-74 years old).

[Vitamin B12 deficiency associated with high doses od metformin in older people diabetic].

Introduction: The aim of the study was to estimate if B12 deficiency is associated with the use of metformin in the elderly diabetics.

Methods: Case-control study in diabetic OP. Cases (n = 137) were defined as elderly with B12 < 221 pmol/L and controls (n = 279) elderly with B12 > 221 pmol/L.

[Anthropometric model for the prediction of appendicular skeletal muscle mass in Chilean older adults].

Objectives: To develop a predictive model of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) based on anthropometric measurements in elderly from Santiago, Chile.

Methods: 616 community dwelling, non-disabled subjects ≥ 60 years (mean 69.9 ± 5.

[Validation of cut points of skeletal muscle mass index for identifying sarcopenia in Chilean older people].

Objectives: To estimate and validate cut-off points of skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) in Chilean population, for using in an algorithm for a diagnosis of sarcopenia developed by European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP).

Methods: Secondary analysis of Cross-sectional data in 440 Chilean older subjects to estimate cut-off points of SMI determined by DEXA and predicted by an anthropometric equation. Afterward a cross-sectional validation in a sample of 164 older people was performed.

[Decreased caspase 3 expression and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 polymorphism in Chilean patients with type 1 diabetes].

Background: Several polymorphisms of the CTLA4 gene have been associated with autoimmune diseases. The activation of induced cell death is the major event and caspase 3 represents the main protein for the apoptotic machinery, especially in lymphocytes.

Aim: To correlate CTLA4 polymorphisms with caspase 3 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) simulating in vitro the glucose effect.

[Socioeconomic inequalities in active life expectancy and disability related to obesity among older people].

Background: The rapid increase in life expectancy in Chile, with obesity as the main nutritional problem in all age groups, makes it necessary to ask whether the years gained are healthy.

Aim: To study the trajectories of disability associated with obesity in Chilean elderly groups from different socio-economic and demographic backgrounds.

Material And Methods: Longitudinal study of 3 cohorts of older adults from Santiago: the SABE cohort including 1235 people born before 1940; the Alexandros cohort including 950 people born between 1940 and 1948 from Primary Health Care centers and the ISAPRES cohort of 266 people from private health insurance registries (ISAPRES) born before 1947.

Associations of the CTLA-4 polymorphisms with type 1 diabetes in a Chilean population: case-parent design.

CTLA-4 plays a key role in T cells regulation. We analysed the CTLA-4 +49A/G and -318C/T polymorphisms in 178 cases of type 1 diabetes and their parents (534 individuals) from Santiago, Chile. A significant overall association with T1D (p=0.

Association of CTLA-4 polymorphisms and clinical-immunologic characteristics at onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children.

CTLA-4 is a homeostatic regulator of T cell activation and is believed to play a critical role in immune tolerance. Polymorphisms in the CTLA-4 promoter (-318C/T) and in exon 1 (+49 A/G) were analyzed in 300 Chilean patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and 310 healthy children by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The effect of CTLA-4 allele and haplotype frequencies on the interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and transforming growth factor-beta(1) levels and the presence in serum of GAD65 and IA-2 autoantibodies at the onset of T1D was evaluated.