Isolation of a Novel Caprine Strain (GC) in Canary Islands and Analysis of Parasitological, Clinical, and Pathological Findings on Experimentally Infected Goat Kids.

is considered among the most pathogenic species in goats. The aim of this study was to isolate an strain and to assess its infectivity, pathogenicity, and ability to develop a protective immune response. After previous collection of -positive faeces, purification of oocysts, and amplification in donor animals, an experimental infection was carried out.

Predictive model for estimating total acid exposure time in patients with esophageal hypomotility disorders.

The latest Chicago Classification of esophageal motility disorders categorizes esophageal hypomotility disorders (EHD) into absent contractility (AC) and ineffective esophageal motility (IEM). While these disorders are commonly associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), they are not pathognomonic. To improve diagnostic accuracy, provocative maneuvers during high-resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) -such as multiple rapid swallows (MRS) and single solid swallows (SSS) -have been introduced.

The Use of Principal Component Analysis for Reduction in Sleep Quality and Quantity Data in Female Professional Soccer.

The main aim of the present study was to uncover multivariate relationships between sleep quantity and quality using principal component analysis (PCA) in professional female soccer players. A second aim was to examine the extent to which objective sleep quantity and quality variables can discriminate between perceived sleep. Ten objective sleep variables from the multisensory sleep-tracker were analyzed.

Prospective evaluation of opioid cessation in patients with suspected Opioid-induced esophageal dysfunction (OIED).

Introduction: The causal relationship between chronic opioid use and esophageal motor dysfunction in symptomatic patients has not been established.

Methods: A prospective before-and-after multicenter study, including chronic active opioid patients referred for esophageal motility tests due to non-obstructive dysphagia.

Results: 37 patients were evaluated, 27 (73%) had criteria of opioid-induced esophageal dysfunction (OIED).

European Guideline on Chronic Nausea and Vomiting-A UEG and ESNM Consensus for Clinical Management.

Introduction: Chronic nausea and vomiting are symptoms of a wide range of gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal conditions. Diagnosis can be challenging and requires a systematic and well-structured approach. If the initial investigation for structural, toxic and metabolic disorders is negative, digestive motility and gut-brain interaction disorders should be assessed.

Management of abdominal bloating and distension, from subjective to objective.

Abdominal distension is a clinical occurrence that involves a measurable, objective increase in abdominal circumference, which patients report as feeling like pregnant or like having a balloon inside the abdomen. This sign is often preceded by a subjective feeling of abdominal heaviness or bloating, reported as the sensation of having a huge amount of gas trapped inside. These manifestations are highly prevalent and may reflect on their own a gut-brain axis condition, such as functional abdominal distension, or be part of other disorders such as functional dyspepsia or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Asociación Española de Neurogastroenterología y Motilidad (ASENEM) updated review on the management of functional abdominal pain.

Functional abdominal pain is a disorder in which central and peripheral sensitization processes converge, leading to hypersensitivity and allodynia. Differential diagnosis is made with organic digestive, renal, gynecological, endocrine, or neurological diseases. Treatment should be individualized for each patient.

Thoracoabdominal Wall Motion-Guided Biofeedback Treatment of Abdominal Distention: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background & Aims: Abdominal distention results from abdominophrenic dyssynergia (ie, diaphragmatic contraction and abdominal wall relaxation) in patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction. This study aimed to validate a simple biofeedback procedure, guided by abdominothoracic wall motion, for treating abdominal distention.

Methods: In this randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled trial, 42 consecutive patients (36 women and 6 men; ages 17-64 years) with meal-triggered visible abdominal distention were recruited.

Divergence in evolutionary potential of life history traits among wild populations is predicted by differences in climatic conditions.

Short-term adaptive evolution represents one of the primary mechanisms allowing species to persist in the face of global change. Predicting the adaptive response at the species level requires reliable estimates of the evolutionary potential of traits involved in adaptive responses, as well as understanding how evolutionary potential varies across a species' range. Theory suggests that spatial variation in the fitness landscape due to environmental variation will directly impact the evolutionary potential of traits.

Metaphylactic strategies using toltrazuril against coccidiosis in goat kids.

Goat coccidiosis compromises animal welfare, reduces productivity and may cause mortality and delayed growth rates in goat kids around the weaning period worldwide. This field study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of metaphylactic treatments with two doses of toltrazuril (20 or 40 mg/kg body weight - BW, p. o.

Host space, not energy or symbiont size, constrains feather mite abundance across passerine bird species.

Comprehending symbiont abundance among host species is a major ecological endeavour, and the metabolic theory of ecology has been proposed to understand what constrains symbiont populations. We parameterized metabolic theory equations to investigate how bird species' body size and the body size of their feather mites relate to mite abundance according to four potential energy (uropygial gland size) and space constraints (wing area, total length of barbs and number of feather barbs). Predictions were compared with the empirical scaling of feather mite abundance across 106 passerine bird species (26,604 individual birds sampled), using phylogenetic modelling and quantile regression.

Smart e-Skin Cancer Care in Europe During and after the Covid-19 Pandemic: a Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus.

Introduction: Melanoma is the deadliest of all the skin cancers and its incidence is increasing every year in Europe. Patients with melanoma often present late to the specialist and treatment is delayed for many reasons (delay in patient consultation, misdiagnosis by general practitioners, and/or limited access to dermatologists). Beyond this, there are significant inequalities in skin cancer between population groups within the same country and between countries across Europe.

Refining risk estimates for lead in drinking water based on the impact of genetics and diet on blood lead levels using the Collaborative Cross mouse population.

Blood lead (Pb) level (BLL) is a commonly used biomarker to evaluate associations with health effects. However, interventions to reduce the adverse effects of Pb require relating BLL to external exposure. Moreover, risk mitigation actions need to ensure protection of more susceptible individuals with a greater tendency to accumulate Pb.

The effect of climate change on avian offspring production: A global meta-analysis.

Climate change affects timing of reproduction in many bird species, but few studies have investigated its influence on annual reproductive output. Here, we assess changes in the annual production of young by female breeders in 201 populations of 104 bird species (N = 745,962 clutches) covering all continents between 1970 and 2019. Overall, average offspring production has declined in recent decades, but considerable differences were found among species and populations.

No Apparent Immediate Reproductive Costs of Overlapping Breeding and Moult in a Mediterranean Great Tit Population.

Some phenological events in birds, such as breeding and moulting, are being affected by rising temperatures due to global warming, and many species have undergone temporary changes in these energetically demanding phases that are often separated in time. This has led to an increased overlap between breeding and moulting in some populations. This overlap causes conflicts in resource allocation and may impose fitness costs that could affect immediate reproductive performance.

Global warming modifies the seasonal distribution of clutches on a Mediterranean great tit population.

Global warming has multiple effects on phenological events on a wide range of plants and animals. Specifically, many bird species have advanced the start of their breeding season, which could also imply an extension in its duration and also a change in the distribution of clutches throughout the breeding season. We have tested whether this occurred in a population of Great Tits (Parus major), in Sagunto (eastern Spain).

Benefit of extending the protocol for high resolution manometry according to the version 4.0 of the Chicago criteria. A multicenter study.

Background: The last version of the Chicago Criteria for high resolution esophageal manometry proposes an expanded protocol including complementary maneuvers to improve the diagnostic yield of the exploration. Our aim was to determine the diagnostic gain of the CCv4.0 protocol compared to the CCv3.

Temperature synchronizes temporal variation in laying dates across European hole-nesting passerines.

Identifying the environmental drivers of variation in fitness-related traits is a central objective in ecology and evolutionary biology. Temporal fluctuations of these environmental drivers are often synchronized at large spatial scales. Yet, whether synchronous environmental conditions can generate spatial synchrony in fitness-related trait values (i.

Evaluation of abdominal gas by plain abdominal radiographs.

Background: Our aim was to determine the reliability of plain abdominal radiographs for the evaluation of abdominal gas content in patients with functional digestive symptoms.

Methods: Abdominal CT scan scout views, mimicking a conventional plain abdominal radiograph, were obtained from 30 patients both during episodes of abdominal distension and basal conditions. Physicians (n = 50) were instructed to rate the estimated volume of gas in the 60 images presented in random sequence using a scale graded from 0 to ≥600 ml.

Abdominophrenic Dyssynergia: A Narrative Review.

Chronic bloating and abdominal distension are common and highly bothersome gastrointestinal symptoms. Although the differential diagnoses for bloating and distension are broad, these symptoms are frequently associated with disorders of the gut-brain interaction. Functional abdominal bloating may be a result of visceral hypersensitivity, whereas abdominal distension seems to be a somatic behavioral response associated with abdominophrenic dyssynergia, featuring diaphragmatic contraction and abdominal wall relaxation.

Visible abdominal distension in functional gut disorders: Objective evaluation.

Background: Visible abdominal distension has been attributed to: (A) distorted perception, (B) intestinal gas accumulation, or (C) abdominophrenic dyssynergia (diaphragmatic push and anterior wall relaxation).

Methods: A pool of consecutive patients with functional gut disorders and visible abdominal distension included in previous studies (n = 139) was analyzed. Patients (61 functional bloating, 74 constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and 4 with alternating bowel habit) were evaluated twice, under basal conditions and during a self-reported episode of visible abdominal distension; static abdominal CT images were taken in 104 patients, and dynamic EMG recordings of the abdominal walls in 76, with diaphragmatic activity valid for analysis in 35.

Bird populations most exposed to climate change are less sensitive to climatic variation.

The phenology of many species shows strong sensitivity to climate change; however, with few large scale intra-specific studies it is unclear how such sensitivity varies over a species' range. We document large intra-specific variation in phenological sensitivity to temperature using laying date information from 67 populations of two co-familial European songbirds, the great tit (Parus major) and blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), covering a large part of their breeding range. Populations inhabiting deciduous habitats showed stronger phenological sensitivity than those in evergreen and mixed habitats.

Immunoprotection against mixed Eimeria spp. infections in goat kids induced by X-irradiated oocysts.

Strategies to control goat coccidiosis traditionally rely on the use of management practices combined with anticoccidial treatments, and limited effort has been made, so far, to address immunological control of caprine Eimeria infections. Previously, we showed that monospecific immunization with X-Rad-attenuated Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae oocysts induced considerable immunoprotection upon challenge. In the present study, we conducted a similar vaccination trial but using a mixture of caprine Eimeria species typically present in natural infected goats.

Association of ITPA gene polymorphisms with adverse effects of AZA/6-MP administration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Azathioprine (AZA) and its metabolite, mercaptopurine (6-MP), are widely used immunosuppressant drugs. Polymorphisms in genes implicated in AZA/6-MP metabolism, reportedly, could account in part for their potential toxicity. In the present study we performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis, comprising 30 studies and 3582 individuals, to investigate the putative genetic association of two inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) polymorphisms with adverse effects in patients treated with AZA/6-MP.