Procedural and Short-Term Outcomes of Carotid Artery Stenting: A Single-Center Experience.

Background Carotid artery stenting is a well-established alternative treatment to carotid endarterectomy for carotid artery stenosis for preventing stroke. This study assessed the procedural and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting in a tertiary care center in India. Methods A total of 39 patients underwent carotid artery stenting from January 2022 to December 2023, with different embolic protection devices and carotid stents.

Dynamic P-glycoprotein expression in early and late memory states of human CD8 + T cells and the protective role of ruxolitinib.

ABCB1/MDR-1/P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is an ABC transporter responsible for cancer cell multi-drug resistance. It is expressed in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Eliminating sensitive cancer cells during high-dose chemotherapy can also damage immune cells.

Continuing professional development barriers and recommendations: Perspectives of audiologists.

Background:  Continuing professional development (CPD), a compulsory requirement of the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA), is undertaken by healthcare professionals (HCPs), including audiologists, to remain up-to-date with the latest developments, technology and best practices within their discipline. However, the low compliance rates of audiologists engaging in CPD need to be investigated to establish the barriers that audiologists encounter as well as possible interventions to improve their participation.

Objectives:  This study aimed to explore the barriers that audiologists encounter when participating in CPD activities and to highlight their suggestions for improving its uptake.

Impact of COVID-19 on continuing professional development: Perspectives of audiologists.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic triggered unprecedented disruptions to continuing professional development (CPD) activities, which are essential for healthcare professionals (HCPs) to stay abreast on best practices, current knowledge and emerging technologies, ultimately enhancing patient care. Audiologists encountered multiple challenges during the pandemic, necessitating adaptations and innovations in their CPD practices. While literature was published during the pandemic on shifting education systems to online platforms, little is known about its impact on the CPD of young audiologists working in the private sector.

Conceptualising the experiences of continuing professional development of young private sector audiologists as an attribute of andragogy.

Background: Continuing professional development (CPD) is an ongoing learning process that builds on initial training and education to improve competency. Low compliance rates of audiologists adhering to CPD have been reported by the Health Professions Council of South Africa. However, there is an absence of research on the uptake of CPD from the perspective of young audiologists working in the private sector.

A Comprehensive Investigation of Stimulatory Agents on MAIT and Vα7.2+/CD161- T Cell Response and Effects of Immunomodulatory Drugs.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a subset of Vα7.2+ T cells, are a crucial link between innate and adaptive immunity, responding to various stimuli through TCR-dependent and independent pathways. We investigated the responses of MAIT cells and Vα7.

Investigating Vα7.2/CD161 T Cell and MAIT Cell Profiles Using Flow Cytometry in Healthy Subjects and Subjects with Atopic Dermatitis.

This study investigates the roles of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and Vα7.2/CD161 T cells in skin diseases, focusing on atopic dermatitis. MAIT cells, crucial for bridging innate and adaptive immunity, were analyzed alongside Vα7.

Role of Imaging Spectrum Along With Other Diagnostic Modalities in Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis (ROCM).

Objectives: Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM), a rare angio-invasive fungal infection, had become a major outbreak during the second wave of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in India, with over 28,000 reported cases. The purpose of this study was to describe the imaging spectrum of ROCM, which may prove useful in prompt diagnosis, considering its grave prognosis in populations with a high load of immunosuppressed patients (e.g.

Case report: Complex evaluation of coagulation, fibrinolysis and inflammatory cytokines in a SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant woman with fetal loss.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy increases the risk of severe obstetrical complications. Detailed evaluation of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy in a pregnancy with stillbirth hasn't been described so far. Besides knowledge gaps in the pathomechanism leading to stillbirth in COVID-19 pregnancies, currently, no prognostic biomarker is available to identify pregnant patients who are at imminent risk of COVID-19-associated maternal and fetal complications, requiring immediate medical attention.

Enhancing HLA-B27 antigen detection: Leveraging machine learning algorithms for flow cytometric analysis.

As the association of human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) with spondylarthropathies is widely known, HLA-B27 antigen expression is frequently identified using flow cytometric or other techniques. Because of the possibility of cross-reaction with off target antigens, such as HLA-B7, each flow cytometric technique applies a "gray zone" reserved for equivocal findings. Our aim was to use machine learning (ML) methods to classify such equivocal data as positive or negative.

Human exposure to diesel exhaust induces CYP1A1 expression and AhR activation without a coordinated antioxidant response.

Background: Diesel exhaust (DE) induces neutrophilia and lymphocytosis in experimentally exposed humans. These responses occur in parallel to nuclear migration of NF-κB and c-Jun, activation of mitogen activated protein kinases and increased production of inflammatory mediators. There remains uncertainty regarding the impact of DE on endogenous antioxidant and xenobiotic defences, mediated by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) respectively, and the extent to which cellular antioxidant adaptations protect against the adverse effects of DE.

Influence of hearing loss on sibling relationships: Perspectives of the normal hearing sibling.

Background: Sibling relationships, one of the most extended relationships in life, contribute to an individual's social and emotional development. However, this relationship may be influenced if one sibling has a hearing loss.

Objectives: This study explored the influence of a hearing loss on the sibling relationship by gaining the perspectives of the sibling with normal hearing.

Proteomic profiling spotlights the molecular targets and the impact of the natural antivirulent umbelliferone on stress response, virulence factors, and the quorum sensing network of .

easily adapts to newer environments and acquires several genome flexibilities to overcome the effect of antibiotics during therapeutics, especially in cystic fibrosis patients. During adaptation to the host system, the bacteria employ various tactics including virulence factor production and biofilm formation to escape from the host immune system and resist antibiotics. Hence, identifying alternative strategies to combat recalcitrant pathogens is imperative for the successful elimination of drug-resistant microbes.

Gender-dependent frequency of unconventional T cells in a healthy adult Caucasian population: A combinational study of invariant NKT cells, γδ T cells, and mucosa-associated invariant T cells.

This study tested the hypothesis of gender bias in frequency of unconventional T cells. Unconventional T cells exist as minor subsets of T cells in peripheral blood. Despite their low number, they play a crucial role in various immune-mediated diseases such as inflammation, autoimmunity, allergy, and cancer.

Comparative Evaluation of Body Fluid Analysis by Sysmex XN Hematology Analyzers, CellaVision, Manual Microscopy and Multicolor Flow Cytometry.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between instrumental and morphological cell differential methods in body fluid (BF) samples.

Methods: Forty ascitic (AF) and forty cerebrospinal (CSF) fluid samples were measured with Sysmex XN1000 and XN2000 instruments in BF mode. Flow cytometry (FC) was carried out with FACS Canto II.

Feasibility of EBUS-TBNA for histopathological and molecular diagnostics of NSCLC-A retrospective single-center experience.

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a minimally invasive bronchoscopic procedure, well established as a diagnostic modality of first choice for diagnosis and staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The therapeutic decisions for advanced NSCLC require comprehensive profiling of actionable mutations, which is currently considered to be an essential part of the diagnostic process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of EBUS-TBNA cytology specimen for histological subtyping, molecular profiling of NSCLC by massive parallel sequencing (MPS), as well as for PD-L1 analysis.

Age-dependent frequency of unconventional T cells in a healthy adult Caucasian population: a combinational study of invariant natural killer T cells, γδ T cells, and mucosa-associated invariant T cells.

Unconventional T cells show distinct and unique features during antigen recognition as well as other immune responses. Their decrease in frequency is associated with various autoimmune disorders, allergy, inflammation, and cancer. The landscape frequency of the unconventional T cells altogether (iNKT, γδ T, and MAIT) is largely unestablished leading to various challenges affecting diagnosis and research in this field.

T-cell Subset Profile in Kidney Recipients of Extended or Standard Donors.

Introduction: The usage of extended-criteria donors (ECD) became a routinely accepted manner in the last decade. ECD is a potential risk factor for antibody-mediated rejection. Analysis of lymphocyte subsets might be a complementary diagnostic toolkit because there is limited knowledge about this term.

Combined use of different antibody clones improves the efficiency of human leukocyte antigen B27 detection by flow cytometry.

Background: Human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) is an major histocompatibility complex Class I cell surface antigen that shows strong association with spondylarthropathies. Although polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the gold standard method for HLA-B27 detection, monoclonal antibodies, and flow cytometric analysis is also frequently used. We aimed to compare the efficiency of two commercially available monoclonal antibody clones and the DuraClone kit that uses simultaneously these clones.

Improvement of clinical and immunological parameters after allergen-specific immunotherapy in atopic dermatitis.

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is considered a curative treatment in some atopic diseases, but in AD contradictory clinical results exist and the action of AIT has not been elucidated. In the literature, there is no evidence for parallel investigations of permeability barrier, cutaneous and blood immune responses after AIT in AD.

Objectives: The objective was to investigate immune parameters in the blood and skin and to detect clinical and barrier changes after AIT in AD.

Evaluation of Sample Quality As Preanalytical Error in Flow Cytometry Analysis in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer among children. The intensity of chemotherapy and further therapeutic decisions depend on several prognostic factors, including response to initial treatment by examining peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow (BM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples at certain time points. (e.

The role of microRNAs in congenital heart disease.

Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the leading inherited cause of perinatal and infant mortality. CHD refers to structural anomalies of the heart and blood vessels that arise during cardiac development and represents a broad spectrum of malformations, including septal and valve defects, lesions affecting the outflow tract and ventricules. Advanced treatment strategies have greatly improved life expectancy and led to expanded population of adult patients with CHD.

Regulatory T Cells in the Context of New-Onset Diabetes After Renal Transplant: A Single-Center Experience.

Background: New-onset diabetes mellitus after transplant (NODAT) is a well-known complication of renal transplant that severely affects graft and patient survival. It is necessary to explore further risk factors and reveal the underlying pathomechanism.

Methods: Renal transplants performed between January 2010 and June 2018 were involved.

T Cell Subset Profile and Appearance of Donor-specific Antibodies in Primary and Retransplanted Kidney Recipients.

Introduction: Accelerated antibody-mediated rejection is a major challenge after kidney transplantation. While the clinical course, diagnosis, and treatment of cell-mediated acute rejection is agreed upon and has been successfully performed, the antibody-mediated rejection remains a problem. Biopsies cannot be repeated several times, are not always representative, and are refused by many patients.

Aurora Kinase A Inhibition Provides Clinical Benefit, Normalizes Megakaryocytes, and Reduces Bone Marrow Fibrosis in Patients with Myelofibrosis: A Phase I Trial.

Purpose: Myelofibrosis is characterized by bone marrow fibrosis, atypical megakaryocytes, splenomegaly, constitutional symptoms, thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications, and a risk of evolution to acute leukemia. The JAK kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib provides therapeutic benefit, but the effects are limited. The purpose of this study was to determine whether targeting AURKA, which has been shown to increase maturation of atypical megakaryocytes, has potential benefit for patients with myelofibrosis.