Topographical anatomy of the septum verum and its white matter connections.

The human septum verum represents a small but clinically important region of the brain. Based on the results of animal experiments, the stimulation of its medial part was recently proposed with various indications like epilepsy or cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury. The aim of our study was to present the anatomical relationships of the human septum verum using fiber dissection and histological analysis to support its research and provide essential information for future deep brain stimulation therapies.

Topographical anatomy of the subthalamic region with special interest in the human medial forebrain bundle.

Objective: The medial forebrain bundle (MFB) is a novel promising deep brain stimulation (DBS) target in severe affective disorders that courses through the subthalamic region according to tractography studies. Its potential therapeutic role arose in connection with the development of hypomania during stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in Parkinson's disease, offering an alternative explanation for the occurrence of this side effect. However, until now its course exclusively described by tractography had not yet been confirmed by any anatomical method.

Anatomy and Microsurgical Relevance of the Outer Arachnoid Envelope around the Olfactory Bulb Based on Endoscopic Cadaveric Observations.

Background:  There is high risk of injury to the olfactory tract and olfactory bulb during surgery of the anterior cranial fossa. The goal of this study was to describe the outer arachnoid envelope around the olfactory bulb, which plays a significant role in approach-related injury of the nerve.

Methods:  A total of 20 fresh human cadaveric heads were examined.

Microsurgical anatomy and pathoanatomy of the outer arachnoid membranes in the cerebellopontine angle: cadaveric and intraoperative observations.

Purpose: The cerebellopontine angle (CPA) is a frequent region of skull base pathologies and therefore a target for neurosurgical operations. The outer arachnoid is the key structure to approach the here located lesions. The goal of our study was to describe the microsurgical anatomy of the outer arachnoid of the CPA and its pathoanatomy in case of space-occupying lesions.

Prediction of the Topography of the Corticospinal Tract on T1-Weighted MR Images Using Deep-Learning-Based Segmentation.

Introduction: Tractography is an invaluable tool in the planning of tumor surgery in the vicinity of functionally eloquent areas of the brain as well as in the research of normal development or of various diseases. The aim of our study was to compare the performance of a deep-learning-based image segmentation for the prediction of the topography of white matter tracts on T1-weighted MR images to the performance of a manual segmentation.

Methods: T1-weighted MR images of 190 healthy subjects from 6 different datasets were utilized in this study.

Vascular supply of the metacarpophalangeal joint.

Objective: To describe in detail the arterial vasculature of metacarpophalangeal joints 2-5 on cadaver specimens and to compare it to ultrasound imaging of healthy subjects.

Methods: Eighteen hands of donated human cadavers were arterially injected and investigated with either corrosion casting or cryosectioning. Each layer of cryosectioned specimens was photographed in high-resolution.

Evaluating a paradigm shift from anterior decompression and fusion to muscle-preserving selective laminectomy: a single-center study of degenerative cervical myelopathy.

Objective: Muscle-preserving selective laminectomy (SL) is an alternative to conventional decompression surgery in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). It is less invasive, preserves the extensor musculature, and maintains the range of motion of the cervical spine. Therefore, the preferred treatment for DCM at the authors' institution has changed from anterior decompression and fusion (ADF), including anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF), toward SL.

Surgical treatment outcome on a national cohort of 176 patients with cervical manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis.

Purpose: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affecting the cervical spine results in instability and deformity that can be divided into the subtypes C1-C2 horizontal (atlantoaxial instability), C0-C2 vertical (basilar invagination), subaxial, and combined instabilities. The aim of this study was to compare the surgical treatments and outcomes of RA-related deformity and instability in a population-based setting.

Patients And Methods: All patients with RA in the national Swespine register from January 1, 2006, to March 20, 2019, were assessed.

Three-dimensional structure of the basal lamella of the middle turbinate.

The middle turbinate's basal lamella (3BL) is a variable landmark which needs to be understood in endoscopic transnasal skull base surgery. It comprises an anterior frontal and a posterior horizontal part and appears in its simplest depiction to be "L"-shaped, when viewed laterally. In this study we analyzed its 3D morphology and variations focusing on a precise and systematic description of the anatomy.

Human Cadaveric Artificial Lung Tumor-Mimic Training Model.

An important phase in surgical training is gaining experience in real human anatomical situations. When a cadaver is available it may complement the various artificial practice models. However, it is often necessary to supplement the characteristics of the cadavers with a simulation of a tumor.

Applied anatomy and surgical technique of the lateral single-position L5-S1 fusion.

The latest development in the anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) procedure is its application in the lateral position to allow for simultaneous posterior percutaneous screw placement. The technical details of the lateral ALIF technique have not yet been described. To describe the surgical anatomy relevant to the lateral ALIF approach we performed a comprehensive anatomical study.

Real 3D Visualization of the Circumflex Artery Surrounding the Mitral Annulus.

Background:  The circumflex coronary artery is located close to the mitral annulus. Consequently, it is not immune to iatrogenic damage during mitral valve procedures. Our objective was to visualize the circumflex artery from a surgeon's point of view, emphasizing its proximity.

A different technique for sutureless coronary bypass grafting.

Introduction: Many coronary anastomotic devices have been designed to replace manual stitching in coronary surgery; however, interestingly, none of them became widespread. Our aim was to work out an easy and fast endoluminal vessel-to-vessel stent bridge distal anastomotic technique.

Materials And Methods: Ten coronary arteries of eight fresh human hearts were used in this study.

The "Valva Cerebri": Morphometry, Topographic Anatomy and Histology of the Rhomboid Membrane at the Craniocervical Junction.

The arachnoid membranes' anatomy is a controversial topic in the literature, and the rhomboid membrane at the craniovertebral junction is an element of this system that has been described poorly. Hence, the objective of our study was to examine this membrane's anatomy and histology. A total of 45 fresh formalin-fixed human cadaveric heads were examined, and anatomic dissections and histologic examinations using standard staining methods were performed.

Neural and vascular architecture of the septum pellucidum: an anatomical study and considerations for safe endoscopic septum pellucidotomy.

Objective: The septum pellucidum is a bilateral thin membranous structure representing the border between the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles. Its most examined components are the septal veins due to their surgical importance during endoscopic septum pellucidotomy (ESP), which is a well-accepted method for surgical treatment of unilateral hydrocephalus. It is widely accepted that the septum pellucidum contains nerve fibers as well, but interestingly, no anatomical study has been addressed to its neural components before.

Endoscope-Assisted Minimally Invasive Microsurgical Removal of a Medium-Sized Acoustic Neuroma (T3a) through a Retrosigmoid Mini-Craniotomy with Preservation of Hearing.

A 45-year-old male patient with reduced hearing in the right ear was diagnosed with a medium-sized (T3a) acoustic neuroma. The operation was performed through an individually tailored retrosigmoid mini-craniotomy. Endoscope-assisted microsurgical technique was applied to early detect the location of the facial and cochlear nerves as well as to look around the hidden corners during the surgery.

Arachnoid Membranes Around the Cisternal Segment of the Trigeminal Nerve: A Cadaveric Anatomic Study and Intraoperative Observations During Minimally Invasive Microvascular Decompression Surgery.

Objective: The minimally invasive microvascular decompression (MVD) for trigeminal neuralgia is technically a more challenging operation compared with the standard retrosigmoidal approach. Endoscopic assistance could help to widen the field of view of the microscope during MVD. An extended view around the cisternal segment of the trigeminal nerve can be achieved only with the targeted dissection of the arachnoid membranes.

The Clival Line as an Important Arachnoid Landmark During Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy: An Anatomic Study.

Objective: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is a well-accepted treatment option instead of ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement in cases of obstructive hydrocephalus. A sufficient flow from the ventricles to the basal cisterns requires perforation of the arachnoid membranes in the retroclival region. This point is critical to achieve an optimal outcome.

Primary Obstruction of the Foramen of Luschka: Anatomy, Histology, and Clinical Significance.

Background: The foramen of Luschka is a natural aperture between the fourth ventricle and the subarachnoid space at the cerebellopontine angle. Membranous closure of this foramen is referred to as primary obstruction. Available information about this variant and its role in the development of the cysts of the posterior fossa is contradictory.

Morphometry and microsurgical anatomy of Bochdalek's flower basket and the related structures of the cerebellopontine angle.

Background: Bochdalek's flower basket (Bfb) is the distal part of the horizontal segment of the fourth ventricle's choroid plexus protruding through the lateral aperture (foramen of Luschka). The microsurgical anatomy of the cerebellopontine angle, fourth ventricle and its inner choroid plexus is well described in the literature, but only one radiological study has investigated the Bfb so far. The goal of the present study was to give an extensive morphometric analysis of the Bfb for the first time and discuss the surgically relevant anatomical aspects.

Role of modified open-door laminoplasty in the treatment of multilevel cervical spinal stenosis: a retrospective analysis of 43 cases.

Background And Purpose: Symptomatic degenerative multilevel cervical spinal stenosis--beside other methods--is often treated using the open-door laminoplasty. This procedure aims to decompress the spinal cord and preserve the stability of the cervical spine. The efficiency and safety of the method was proved by numerous Japanese and American studies, also the technique related complications are well known.

Psychometric validation of the Hungarian translation of the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS) and quality of life in reflux and dyspepsia (QOLRAD) questionnaire in patients with reflux disease.

Background: Symptoms of heartburn and their impact on health-related quality of life (HRQL) are often evaluated in clinical trials. When a questionnaire is translated into a new language, a linguistic validation is necessary but not sufficient unless the psychometric characteristics have been verified. The aim of the paper is to document the psychometric characteristics of the Hungarian translation of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia (QOLRAD) questionnaire.

Burden of illness in patients with reflux disease--evidence from a recent comparative methodological study in Hungary.

Background: The clinical and socioeconomic burden of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is considerable. The primary symptom of GERD is heartburn, but it may also be associated with extraesophageal manifestations, such as asthma, chest pain and otolaryngologic disorders.

Aim: To describe the impact of heartburn on patients' Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) in Hungary, using validated generic and disease-specific instruments to measure patient-reported outcomes.

[Health-care in the 1809 "insurrection" of Hungarian noblemen)].

The author, László Bárány PhD (1921-1986), was an eminent researcher of military history. The present article-published and edited by his grandson-contains excerpts from his monograph "The French Wars and Hungary in 1797-1815". Hungary, being a part of the Hapsburg Empire certainly took part in the Napoleonic wars on the Kaiser's side.

A novel genetic algorithm for designing mimetic peptides that interfere with the function of a target molecule.

We designed a new computer program (MIMETIC), which generates a series of peptides for interaction with a target peptide sequence. The genetic algorithm employed ranks the sequences obtained from one generation to the next by "goodness of fit" to the target. MIMETIC designed recognition peptides to various regions of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.