Interprofessional Collaboration and Patient/Family Engagement on Rounds in a Comprehensive Stroke Center: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Background And Objectives: Daily rounds provide an opportunity for interprofessional collaboration and patient/family engagement, which are critical to stroke care. As part of a quality improvement program, we conducted a baseline assessment to examine interprofessional collaboration and patient/family engagement during the current rounding process in a 12-bed comprehensive stroke center. Findings from the baseline assessment will be used to inform the development, implementation, and evaluation of a new rounding model.

The influence of demographic stochasticity on evolutionary dynamics and stability.

We derive the frequency-dependent selection coefficient caused by "demographic" stochasticity resulting from the random sampling of opponents an individual faces during behavioral "contests" with other individuals. The mean, variance, and higher moments of fitness all influence the direction and strength of selection. A frequency-dependent trait can be stable when an individual's fitness depends upon an infinite number of contests with other individuals and unstable when it depends upon a finite number of contests.

Are modern health worries associated with somatosensory amplification, environmental attribution style, and commitment to complementary and alternative medicine?

Relationship among modern health worries (MHWs), somatosensory amplification (SSA), and attributional styles was investigated in a cross-sectional questionnaire study. A total of 99 university students, 104 patients visiting their General Practitioners, and 102 future alternative therapists completed questionnaires assessing MHWs, SSA, negative affect (NA), and psychological, somatic and normalizing (environmental) attribution styles. Significant correlation between SSA and MHWs was found in all three samples.

Ecological conditions that favor the evolution of intermediate-virulence in an environmentally transmitted parasite.

In this paper we develop and analyze several population-dynamic models of an environmentally transmitted symbiotic parasite infecting an isolated population of susceptible hosts. In our most basic model infection acts only to decrease the average lifetime of the infected host, parasites are only transmitted to uninfected hosts, there is no recovery from infection, and the rate of parasite transmission is an increasing function of the level of parasite virulence. It is shown that invasion of the parasite-free equilibrium cannot occur for virulence levels that are either too high or too low.

Iron status influences trace element levels in human blood and serum.

Food is the main source of trace elements for the general population. The gastrointestinal absorption of certain trace elements, e.g.

Mercury and selenium in whole blood and serum in relation to fish consumption and amalgam fillings in adolescents.

Mercury and selenium in whole blood and serum of 245 17-year old Swedish adolescents were analysed. The relationships between these elements' concentrations and the consumption of fish as well as the number of dental amalgam fillings were studied. The geometric means (GM) of the mercury concentrations were 1.

Relationships between trace element concentrations in human blood and serum.

Trace element interactions can affect the absorption, metabolism, or effects of elements. Also, different elements may derive from the same source. Associations in biological media between element concentrations may indicate such phenomena.

Trace elements in blood and serum of Swedish adolescents: relation to gender, age, residential area, and socioeconomic status.

The influence of gender, age, residential area, and socioeconomic status on the blood and serum levels of 13 trace elements was studied in boys and girls living in two Swedish cities with different socioeconomic and environmental characters. The same groups of adolescents were sampled twice, at ages 15 (n=372) and 17 (n=294) years. All the investigated factors were shown to be of importance.

Trace element levels in whole blood and serum from Swedish adolescents.

Blood and serum samples from 372 15-year-old adolescents were collected in two cities in Sweden and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The objective was to (1) determine the levels of 13 elements in blood and serum from the teenagers; and (2) for each element, investigate the correlation between the concentrations in blood and serum. The concentrations in blood and serum were generally in line with that usually reported for the essential elements Co, Cu, Zn and Se, and generally low for the 'non-essential' elements Cd, Hg, Pb.

Skin-identical lipids versus petrolatum in the treatment of tape-stripped and detergent-perturbed human skin.

The cutaneous permeability barrier is localized to the stratum corneum interstices and is mediated by lamellar bilayers enriched in cholesterol, free fatty acids and ceramides. Topically applied lipids may interfere with the skin barrier function and formulations containing "skin-identical lipids" have been suggested to facilitate normalization of damaged skin. The aim of the present study was to compare the ability of "skin-identical lipids" in a petrolatum-rich cream base and pure petrolatum to facilitate barrier repair in detergent- and tape-stripped-perturbed human skin.

Content of fragrance mix ingredients and customer complaints of cosmetic products.

Background: In relation to the wide use of cosmetics, serious adverse effects are rare. Occasionally, unwanted effects such as contact dermatitis are reported. Allergic reactions to cosmetics are often caused by fragrances.

Unexpected skin barrier influence from nonionic emulsifiers.

Skin disorders are often treated with creams containing various active substances. The creams also contain emulsifiers, which are surface-active ingredients used to stabilize the emulsion. Emulsifiers are potential irritants and in the present study the influence of stearic acid, glyceryl stearate, PEG-2, -9, -40, and -100 stearate, steareth-2, -10 and -21 on normal as well as on irritated skin have been evaluated with non-invasive measurements.

Biophysical characterization of skin damage and recovery after exposure to different surfactants.

The majority of adverse skin reactions to personal-care products are presumed to be caused by irritant substances, like surfactants. In this study, different aspects of the irritant reaction after a single exposure to 8 surfactants were characterized during 2 weeks. Solutions of 2% sodium lauryl sulfate, 5% sodium C12-15 pareth sulfate, 5% sodium cocoyl isethionate, 10% disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, 10% sodium cocoamphoacetate, 10% cocamide DEA, 10% cocamidopropyl betaine and 10% lauryl glucoside, respectively, were applied to the forearm of 12 volunteers.

Histochemical differences within the ciliary muscle and its function in accommodation.

During accommodation, the ciliary muscle is known to move forward-inward. This movement depends on the stiffness of the ciliary muscle connections with the scleral spur. These connections are mediated by the tips of the meridional muscle.

[Structural differences in the structure of the ciliary muscles in eyes of primates. A histochemical and morphological study].

The ciliary muscle of the primate eye was stained histochemically with enzymes used to differentiate fiber types in the skeletal muscle. Differences between the outer meridional section and the rest of the muscle were found with all enzymes. Staining for myosin-ATPase with acid and alkaline preincubation, as well as for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), resulted in a stronger reaction in the meridional section, while the reticular and circular portions showed minor activities.

[Is increased outflow resistance in glaucoma simplex caused by regional differences in trabecular meshwork density? Some methodologic and morphologic considerations clarifying this question].

In 1953, Goldmann observed that outflow resistance increases in an underperfused meshwork and concluded that only continuous perfusion keeps the outflow channels open. In primary open-angle glaucoma densifications occur beneath the inner wall of Schlemm's canal. They consist of fine fibrillary material and various glycoproteins.

Negative feedback regulation of intracellular Ca2+ and the slope of the dose-response curve.

Cytosolic calcium ions are known to act as an intracellular messenger. The response of the cell may be governed by a power of the internal Ca2+ concentration. This causes a very steep relationship between concentration and response.

Carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes in the rat kidney. Effects of chronic acetazolamide treatment.

Biochemical, immunocytochemical and histochemical methods were used to study the effect of chronic acetazolamide treatment on carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoenzymes in the rat kidney. Male inbred rats (Lew/Mol) were treated with 15 mg kg-1 day-1 acetazolamide s.c.

Carbonic anhydrase in epithelia and fenestrated juxtaepithelial capillaries of Macaca fascicularis.

Thirty-nine epithelia of the monkey Macaca fascicularis and their underlying connective tissue were stained for carbonic anhydrase (CA) and studied by light microscopy. The capillaries immediately adjacent to the epithelium, 'juxtaepithelial', were also studied by electron microscopy with special attention to presence or absence of fenestrations. Only juxtaepithelial capillaries stained.

Muscarinic subsensitivity without receptor change in monkey ciliary muscle.

Intense muscarinic stimulation of the monkey ciliary muscle causes long-lasting muscarinic subsensitivity. This could be due to changes in number or affinity of muscarinic receptors which would cause a threshold elevation detectable in vivo. Since plasma levels of the agonists causing contraction in vivo were not available, the accommodation response to systemic muscarinic agents in subsensitized eyes was compared with that in the normal fellow eyes, usually seven days after a single subsensitizing dose of 100 micrograms carbachol to cornea.

[Elimination of organic cations from the eye].

Substances injected into the vitreous cavity leave the eye partly by diffusion into the flowing aqueous, but sometimes also by other mechanisms. To look for such other mechanisms removing organic cations from the rabbit eye, 5 labeled quaternary ammonium compounds were injected intravitreally, mixed with labeled sucrose. The latter leaves essentially by way of the aqueous only.

Organic acid transport to the blood from the corpus striatum, the thalamus and the cerebellum of the rat.

Conscious rats were given intracerebral injections by preplaced microsyringes. The injectates were 0.3-0.

Iris delay, a neglected factor in aqueous humour dynamics. A study in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).

A method is described, intended for measuring the rate--over a short period of time--of aqueous humour outflow in non-anaesthetized primates. [125I] and [131I]-o-iodohippurates were infused s.c.

Effect of repeated anterior chamber perfusion on intraocular pressure and total outflow facility in the cynomolgus monkey.

Total outflow facility was determined by two-level constant pressure perfusion of the anterior chamber in surgically virgin, aniridic, and ciliary muscle disinserted cynomolgus monkey eyes 6 to 13 times at 1- to 2-month intervals over periods of 8 to 24 months. Facility decreased approximately 15 to 20% between consecutive thirds of the perfusion history, independent of eye type. The facility decreases were too large to be explained by decreased uveoscleral facility or pseudofacility, and were not mediated by the iris, ciliary muscle, or gonioscopically or ultrastructurally apparent chamber angle alterations.

The liver-like anion transport system in the rabbit uvea does not eliminate iodipamide from the eye.

Iodipamide is known to be actively taken up in vitro by the rabbit iris-ciliary process preparation. This uptake is partly resistant to high concentrations of hippurate and the resistant part has been called the 'liver-like' system. In vivo iodipamide is eliminated from the rabbit eye after injection into the vitreous by a saturable process.