Optimization of whole-body 2-[F]FDG-PET/MRI imaging protocol for the initial staging of patients with myeloma.

Objective: To determine the optimal 2-[F]FDG-PET/MRI imaging protocol for the initial staging of patients with suspected or confirmed multiple myeloma.

Methods: Radiologists and nuclear medicine specialists reviewed all PET/MRI exams of 104 patients with a monoclonal gammopathy (MG). The presence of focal and diffuse bone marrow involvement (BMI) was assessed using 4 different image datasets: WB-MRI, PET, WB-PET/MRI, and WB-DCE-PET/MRI.

Chest PET/MRI in Solid Cancers: Comparing the Diagnostic Performance of a Free-Breathing 3D-T1-GRE Stack-of-Stars Volume Interpolated Breath-Hold Examination (StarVIBE) Acquisition With That of a 3D-T1-GRE Volume Interpolated Breath-Hold Examination (VIBE) for Chest Staging During Whole-Body PET/MRI.

Background: Whole-body positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (WB-PET/MRI) is increasingly used in oncology. However, chest staging remains challenging.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic performance of a free-breathing 3D-T1-GRE stack-of-stars volume interpolated breath-hold examination (StarVIBE) with that of a 3D-T1-GRE volume interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) during WB-PET/MRI for chest staging.

Impact of the F-FDG-PET/MRI on Metastatic Staging in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Initial Results from 104 Patients.

Optimal HCC therapeutic management relies on accurate tumor staging. Our aim was to assess the impact of F-FDG-WB-PET/MRI on HCC metastatic staging, compared with the standard of care CT-CAP/liver MRI combination, in patients with HCC referred on a curative intent or before transarterial radioembolization. One hundred and four consecutive patients followed for HCC were retrospectively included.

Virtual unenhanced imaging of the liver derived from 160-mm rapid-switching dual-energy CT (rsDECT): Comparison of the accuracy of attenuation values and solid liver lesion conspicuity with native unenhanced images.

Objectives: To evaluate the reliability of attenuation values of the liver parenchyma and focal liver lesions on virtual unenhanced images from arterial (VUEart) and portal venous phases (VUEport) compared to native unenhanced (NU) attenuation values in patients referred for assessment of malignant liver lesions.

Methods: Seventy-three patients with confirmed primary or metastatic liver tumors who underwent a multiphase contrast-enhanced rapid-switching kVp dual-energy CT (rsDECT) were included in this IRB-approved retrospective study. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses - including the lesion-to-liver contrast-to-noise ratio (LL-CNR) - were performed and compared between NU and both VUEart and VUEport images.

Multiphase Liver MRI for Identifying the Macrotrabecular-Massive Subtype of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background The recently described "macrotrabecular-massive" (MTM) histologic subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (MTM-HCC) represents an aggressive form of HCC and is associated with poor survival. Purpose To investigate whether preoperative MRI can help identify MTM-HCCs in patients with HCC. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included patients with HCC treated with surgical resection between January 2008 and February 2018 and who underwent preoperative multiphase contrast material-enhanced MRI.

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the liver: Two new cases and a systematic review.

Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma (PHL) is a rare malignant tumor, which originates from smooth muscles. Clinical presentation and imaging features are non-specific and can mimick the most frequent primary liver tumors namely hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. We report here two cases of PHL including one from the portal vein.

Severe, non specific symptoms in non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in adult patients with sickle cell disease: a retrospective multicentre study.

Background: Non-typhoidal salmonellosis (NTS) often occurs in children with sickle-cell disease (SCD) and remains a significant cause of mortality in developing countries. However, there is lack of reports on the clinical presentation, outcome and complications of NTS in adults with SCD.

Methods: We performed a chart review between 2006 and 2016 of adults SCD diagnosed with NTS in 3 referral centers monitoring approximately 3500 SCD adults.

A rare cause of abdominal pain: Fibromuscular dysplasia.

A 50-year-old man had a sudden severe abdominal pain. An abdominal enhanced computed tomographic scan revealed irregular stenosis of the celiac artery, dissection of the hepatic artery and of the left common iliac artery, and mid stenosis of the right renal artery with extended renal parenchymal hypodensity. After careful evaluation, the patient was diagnosed with fibromuscular dysplasia.

Quantitative correlation between uptake of Gd-BOPTA on hepatobiliary phase and tumor molecular features in patients with benign hepatocellular lesions.

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to correlate the quantitative analysis of benign hepatocellular tumor uptake on delayed hepatobiliary phase (HBP) imaging with the quantitative level of OATP expression.

Methods: This single-center retrospective study, which took place between September 2009 and March 2015, included 20 consecutive patients with a proven pathologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) diagnosis of FNH or HCA, including quantification of the OATP expression. The patients underwent Gd-BOPTA-enhancement MRI, including an HBP.

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography with 18F-fluorocholine improve tumor staging and treatment allocation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background & Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) staging according to the Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification is based on conventional imaging. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of dual-tracer 18F-fluorocholine and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) on tumor staging and treatment allocation.

Methods: A total of 192 dual-tracer PET/CT scans (18F-fluorocholine and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT) were performed in 177 patients with HCC.

Correction to: Differentiating focal nodular hyperplasia from hepatocellular adenoma: Is hepatobiliary phase MRI (HBP-MRI) using linear gadolinium chelates always useful?

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. There was an error in the last sentence of the summary and the last sentence of the discussion. It should read as "On HBP, all FNH appeared hyper- or iso-intense compared to adjacent liver while close to 97% of HCA appeared hypointense".

Can dual-energy CT replace perfusion CT for the functional evaluation of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma?

Objectives: To determine the degree of relationship between iodine concentrations derived from dual-energy CT (DECT) and perfusion CT parameters in patients with advanced HCC under treatment.

Methods: In this single-centre IRB approved study, 16 patients with advanced HCC treated with sorafenib or radioembolization who underwent concurrent dynamic perfusion CT and multiphase DECT using a single source, fast kV switching DECT scanner were included. Written informed consent was obtained for all patients.

Differentiating focal nodular hyperplasia from hepatocellular adenoma: Is hepatobiliary phase MRI (HBP-MRI) using linear gadolinium chelates always useful?

Purpose: To assess the value of Hepatobiliary phase MRI (HPB-MRI) to differentiate FNH and HCA, and evaluate its impact on diagnostic accuracy, diagnostic confidence, inter-observer variability, and patient clinical management.

Methods: Forty-nine patients referred for Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI were retrospectively included in this IRB-approved study, with a total of 119 lesions-90 FNH and 29 HCA. Two observers separately assessed in 2 distinct randomized reading sessions the performance of MRI with (HBP-MRI) or without (conventional MRI) the use of HBP images.

Impact of hepatobiliary phase liver MRI versus Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound after an inconclusive extracellular gadolinium-based contrast-enhanced MRI for the diagnosis of benign hepatocellular tumors.

Purpose: To compare the added values of hepatobiliary phase (HBP) MRI and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in addition to inconclusive extracellular gadolinium-based contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) to characterize benign hepatocellular tumors (BHT).

Methods: Eighty-three BHT-46 focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and 37 hepatocellular adenomas (HCA)-with inconclusive CE-MRI in 54 patients (43 women and 11 men, mean age 42 years old ± 14.8) were retrospectively analyzed.

Functional imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma using diffusion-weighted MRI and (18)F-FDG PET/CT in patients on waiting-list for liver transplantation.

Background: To compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with the standardized uptake values (SUV) measured by(18)F-FDG-PET/CT in naïve hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules, and to determine whether these markers are associated with tumours at high-risk of aggressiveness.

Methods: From 2007 to 2010, all patients with HCC on the waiting list for liver transplantation and who underwent both FDG-PET/CT and 1.5-T DWI-MRI (b values: 0, 200, 400, and 800 s/mm(2)) were included in this institutional review board-approved retrospective study.

Breast tomosynthesis: Dosimetry and image quality assessment on phantom.

Purpose: To evaluate using phantom study the average glandular dose (AGD) and image quality in breast tomosynthesis.

Materials And Methods: The study was performed with a full-field digital mammography system (Mammomat Inspiration(®), Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) combined with tomosynthesis equipment (3D). For AGD evaluation, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) plates and a dosimeter were used to directly measure the absorbed doses in 2D and in 3D.

Differentiation of focal nodular hyperplasia from hepatocellular adenoma: Role of the quantitative analysis of gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced hepatobiliary phase MRI.

Purpose: To determine the value of quantitative analysis of the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) in gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to differentiate focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) from hepatocellular adenoma (HCA).

Materials And Methods: Thirty-eight patients bearing 67 lesions (40 FNH; 27 HCA) were retrospectively included in this Institutional Review Board-approved study. The same volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) T1 -weighted sequences were performed before and after contrast injection on a 1.

Whole-Body Diffusion-weighted Imaging in Hodgkin Lymphoma and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Whole-body imaging, in particular molecular imaging with fluorine 18 ((18)F)-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET), is essential to management of lymphoma. The assessment of disease extent provided by use of whole-body imaging is mandatory for planning appropriate treatment and determining patient prognosis. Assessment of treatment response allows clinicians to tailor the treatment strategy during therapy if necessary and to document complete remission at the end of treatment.

Differentiation of focal nodular hyperplasia from hepatocellular adenomas with low-mechanical-index contrast-enhanced sonography (CEUS): effect of size on diagnostic confidence.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced sonography (CEUS) for the differentiation of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) from hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) according to lesion size.

Materials And Methods: Forty patients with a definite diagnosis of FNH or HCA who underwent CEUS were included in this institutional review board (IRB)-approved study. A total of 43 FNHs and 20 HCAs, including 15 inflammatory HCAs and five unclassified HCAs, were analysed.

Imaging strategies before beginning treatment of colorectal liver metastases.

The management of colorectal intrahepatic metastases before resection is multidisciplinary and radiologists and nuclear medicine specialists play a major role. In accordance with the French National Guide for appropriate use of diagnostic imaging, the approach should be multimodal: a chest-abdomen and pelvic (CAP) CT scan and hepatic MRI are mandatory while PET-CT provides important additional information, in particular on intra-abdominal extrahepatic metastases. This multimodal approach emphasizes the importance of early and appropriate use of imaging in these patients, as well as the central role of multidisciplinary meetings in oncology.

Imaging benign hepatocellular tumors: atypical forms and diagnostic traps.

Management of patients with a benign hepatocellular tumor relies largely on imaging data; the diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) must be made with certainty using MRI, because no other clinical or laboratory data can help diagnosis. It is also essential to identify adenomas to manage them appropriately. The radiological report in these situations is therefore of major importance.