Metal-Free CO Prodrugs Activated by Molecular Oxygen Protect against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Mice.

Carbon monoxide has been extensively studied for its various therapeutic activities in cell cultures and animal models. Great efforts have been made to develop noninhalational approaches for easy and controlled CO delivery. Herein, we introduce a novel metal-free CO prodrug approach that releases CO under near-physiological conditions.

Negative Differential Resistance in Conical Nanopore Iontronic Memristors.

Emerging ion transport dynamics with memory effects at nanoscale solution-substrate interfaces offers a unique opportunity to overcome the bottlenecks in traditional computational architectures, trade-offs in selectivity and throughput in separation, and electrochemical energy conversions. Negative differential resistance (NDR), a decrease in conductance with increasing potential, constitutes a new function from the perspective of time-dependent instead of steady-state nanoscale electrokinetic ion transport but remains unexplored in ionotronics to develop higher-order complexity and advanced capabilities. Herein, NDR is introduced in hysteretic and rectified ion transport through single conical nanopipettes (NPs) as ionic memristors.

[Transcriptome analysis of tissue microbiota diversity in tumor and non-tumor lymph nodes].

Background: Metagenomic studies in recent years have demonstrated that all tissues of the human body studied by genomic and transcriptomic sequencing methods, both in pathological processes and in normality, contain fragments of DNA and RNA from a variety of microorganisms. The composition of tissue microbiota and its relationship with development of pathological changes are still poorly understood, despite increasing number of studies in this area every year. In this study, gene expression of the lymph node microbiome in reactive follicular hyperplasia and follicular lymphoma was investigated.

[WHO Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, 2022 (5th edition): Myeloid and Histiocytic Tumors].

The article reviews the changes in the structure of classification, diagnostic criteria for myeloid and histiocytic neoplasms in the 5 edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues (2022). Information is presented regarding new nosological forms, renaming and abolition of some previously existing ones. The importance of molecular genetic studies in the isolation of myeloid and histiocytic neoplasms and the need to apply these studies in clinical practice are emphasized.

[WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, 2022 (5th edition): lymphoid tumors].

The paper discusses changes in the structure of the classification, criteria for the diagnosis of lymphoid neoplasms in the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues (2022). Changes are presented regarding new nosological units, renaming and abolition of some previously existing ones. The importance of molecular genetic studies in the isolation of many lymphomas and the need to apply these studies in everyday clinical practice are emphasized.

Fibrin Glue Implants Seeded with Dental Pulp and Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells for the Repair of Periodontal Bone Defects: A Preclinical Study.

A technology to create a cell-seeded fibrin-based implant matching the size and shape of bone defect is required to create an anatomical implant. The aim of the study was to develop a technology of cell-seeded fibrin gel implant creation that has the same shape and size as the bone defect at the site of implantation. Using computed tomography (CT) images, molds representing bone defects were created by 3D printing.

Orthodontic Treatment Need and the Psychosocial Impact of Malocclusion in 12-Year-Old Hong Kong Children.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of orthodontic treatment need in 12-year-old children in Hong Kong and its relationship with the psychosocial impact of malocclusion and to assess their associations with sociodemographic factors.

Materials And Methods: A random sample of 687 12-year-old children was recruited from 45 secondary schools in Hong Kong. Orthodontic treatment need was assessed on study models by five indices: the Dental Health Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN-DHC), the Aesthetic Component of the IOTN (IOTN-AC), the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), the Index of Complexity Outcome and Need (ICON), and the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR).

Ribosomal Antibiotics: Contemporary Challenges.

Most ribosomal antibiotics obstruct distinct ribosomal functions. In selected cases, in addition to paralyzing vital ribosomal tasks, some ribosomal antibiotics are involved in cellular regulation. Owing to the global rapid increase in the appearance of multi-drug resistance in pathogenic bacterial strains, and to the extremely slow progress in developing new antibiotics worldwide, it seems that, in addition to the traditional attempts at improving current antibiotics and the intensive screening for additional natural compounds, this field should undergo substantial conceptual revision.

Diagnostic Yield and Complications of Bronchoscopy for Peripheral Lung Lesions. Results of the AQuIRE Registry.

Rationale: Advanced bronchoscopy techniques such as electromagnetic navigation (EMN) have been studied in clinical trials, but there are no randomized studies comparing EMN with standard bronchoscopy.

Objectives: To measure and identify the determinants of diagnostic yield for bronchoscopy in patients with peripheral lung lesions. Secondary outcomes included diagnostic yield of different sampling techniques, complications, and practice pattern variations.

FDG-PET imaging in patients with pulmonary carcinoid tumor.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the imaging findings in patients with pathologically proven carcinoid tumors and determine if SUV can help to differentiate typical from atypical (more aggressive) pulmonary carcinoid tumors.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective review of patients with a biopsy-proven diagnosis of a pulmonary carcinoid tumor at our institution from 2002 to 2010 that had a preoperative PET scan was performed after institutional review board approval was obtained. PET results, including SUV uptake and location, were recorded as well as all data from pathology reports.

Activation of mast cells by trimeric G protein Gi3; coupling to the A3 adenosine receptor directly and upon T cell contact.

Mast cells are key players in mediating and amplifying allergic and inflammatory reactions. Previously, we identified the G-protein, Gi3, as the cellular target of receptor mimetic basic secretagogues that activate mast cell independently of IgE. In this study, we demonstrate that Gi3 is the cellular target of the adenosine A3 receptor (A3R), a G-protein coupled receptor involved in inflammation and the pathophysiology of asthma.

Computed tomographic assessment of the posterior junction line and its association with emphysema.

Background: Visualization of a posterior junction line (PJL) on chest x-ray is evidence for emphysema. The correlation between the assessment of the PJL on computed tomography (CT) and emphysema is less clear.

Methods: One hundred thirty-seven patients were identified with CT and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) performed within 3 months of each other in a University hospital.

Intramural hematoma of the aorta: delayed pericardial tamponade.

Intramural hematoma of the aorta is a fatal disorder that remains poorly characterized. Recently, it has been accepted as a variant form of aortic dissection, where blood accumulates within the aortic media without the presence of an intimal tear. Clinically, it may present somewhat similar to dissection, and although optimal therapy remains controversial, current opinion supports surgery as the preferred method of treatment for intramural hematomas that involve the ascending aorta and aortic arch.

Interaction of clinical suspicion and PET in the diagnosis of suspected thoracic malignancy.

Background: This study assesses the accuracy and interaction of clinical suspicion and positron emission tomography (PET) scans in diagnosis of suspected thoracic malignancy.

Material/methods: 313 patients evaluated in a University Hospital lung cancer evaluation center who underwent PET scanning and subsequently had tissue confirmation or a course of stability by CT scans over a period of two years. At the time of the initial visit, clinical suspicion based on history, physical exam and computerized tomography (CT) characteristics was assigned as low, intermediate or high probability of malignancy.

Aerosolized antibiotics and ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis in the intensive care unit.

Context: In critically ill intubated patients, signs of respiratory infection often persist despite treatment with potent systemic antibiotics.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether aerosolized antibiotics, which achieve high drug concentrations in the target organ, would more effectively treat respiratory infection and decrease the need for systemic antibiotics.

Design: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study performed from 2003 through 2004.

Sublobar resection in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma.

Purpose Of Review: Though lobectomy remains the standard of care for resection of nonsmall cell lung cancer, a number of studies have been published in the last 24 months exploring the role of sublobar resection in the treatment of stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer.

Recent Findings: Large retrospective studies comparing lobar and sublobar resection show similar overall and disease-free survival. Survival and local control for sublobar resections are best for tumors smaller than 2 cm and with margins greater than 2 cm.

Use of the All Patient Refined-Diagnosis Related Group (APR-DRG) Risk of Mortality Score as a Severity Adjustor in the Medical ICU.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of APR-DRG (All Patient Refined-Diagnosis Related Group) Risk of Mortality (ROM) score as a mortality risk adjustor in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Design: Retrospective analysis of hospital mortality.

Setting: Medical ICU in a university hospital located in metropolitan New York.

Sirolimus-associated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in a renal transplant recipient on long-term anticoagulation.

Sirolimus (rapamycin, rapamune) is an effective immunosuppressant that has been widely used in solid organ transplantation. Recently, two disconcerting side effects, namely pulmonary toxicity, usually in the form of interstitial pneumonitis, and the onset of nephrotic range proteinuria, have been recognized. We report the case of a renal transplant recipient who had been on chronic anticoagulation therapy for a mechanical aortic valve, and who developed pulmonary distress necessitating emergent intubation 18 days after starting sirolimus therapy.

Inhibition of basic secretagogue-induced signaling in mast cells by cell permeable G alpha i-derived peptides.

Background: Basic secretagogues of connective tissue mast cells act as receptor mimetic agents that trigger mast cells by activating G proteins. This leads to simultaneous propagation of two signaling pathways: one that culminates in exocytosis, while the other involves protein tyrosine phosphorylation and leads to release of arachidonic acid metabolites. We have previously shown that introduction of a peptide that comprises the C-terminal end of G alpha i3 into permeabilized mast cells inhibits basic secretagogue-induced exocytosis [Aridor et al.

Eosinophilic pneumonia due to duloxetine.

A 32-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of worsening fever, chills, and cough despite therapy with oral antibiotics. Chest radiographs demonstrated migrating, peripheral upper lobe infiltrates. A CBC count demonstrated significant eosinophilia.

Growing PET positive nodule in a patient with histoplasmosis: case report.

Background: Pulmonary histoplasmosis is a mycotic infection that often resembles pulmonary malignancy and continues to complicate the evaluation of pulmonary nodules.

Case Presentation: We report a case of an immunocompetent patient who, despite adequate treatment for known histoplasmosis lung infection, presented with radiological and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) findings mimicking primary lung malignancy which eventually required surgical resection.

Conclusion: Histoplasmosis infection may radiologically resemble pulmonary malignancy, often causing a diagnostic dilemma.

Pulmonary infiltration from chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

We present 2 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia infiltration of the lung resulting in centrilobular nodularity on computed tomography. We present the x-ray and computed tomography patterns with pathological findings in these cases.

Sedation during mechanical ventilation: a trial of benzodiazepine and opiate in combination.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of continuous intravenous sedation with midazolam alone vs. midazolam plus fentanyl ("co-sedation") during mechanical ventilation.

Design: A randomized, prospective, controlled trial.

Impact of rapid on-site cytologic evaluation during transbronchial needle aspiration.

Study Objective: To determine the extent to which rapid on-site cytologic evaluation (ROSE) of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) samples can safely and cost-effectively reduce the need for additional biopsy during bronchoscopy.

Setting: University Hospital in Long Island, NY.

Patient And Methods: Forty-four bronchoscopies with TBNA, most of which utilized ROSE, were evaluated prospectively.