Aquifer pollution by metal-antibiotic complexes: Origins, transport dynamics, and ecological impacts.

Aquifer pollution by metal-antibiotic complexes is a rising environmental and public health concern owing to their enhanced mobility and persistence in groundwater. The purpose of this review is to examine the origins, transport dynamics, and ecological impacts of complexes formed through interactions between metal ions and antibiotics in agricultural runoff, pharmaceutical effluents, and wastewater discharge. Metal-antibiotic complexes are more resistant to degradation and are more soluble than their components.

"Behavioural and metabolic risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among post-menopausal women: A cross-sectional study in Itahari sub-metropolitan city of Nepal".

Background And Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are main cause of mortality and morbidity among women globally. Menopause, aging and different factors in collaboration leads to increased risk for CVDs among postmenopausal women but study on risk factors of CVDs among postmenopausal women is limited in Nepal. Therefore, we aimed to assess prevalence of behavioural and metabolic risk factors of cardiovascular disease among post-menopausal women.

A Single-Step Root Coverage Procedure Using Modified Bridge Flap Technique and De-epithelialized Gingival Unit Graft: A Prospective Clinical Study.

Background: The mucogingival conditions associated with the recession defects at the mandibular anterior region, not only make plaque control difficult to be performed by the patient but also pose a problem in passively advancing the tissues at the recipient site. This surgical technique is used to treat multiple recession defects in the mandibular anterior region.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five sites in 17 subjects (11 women and 6 men) underwent modified bridge flap and de-epithelized gingival unit graft (d-GUG) as a single-step treatment modality to cover the denuded root surface, as well as increase the width of keratinized gingiva in recession type 1 gingival recession defects in the mandibular anterior region.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from extract for the evaluation of antibacterial and anticorrosion properties.

Plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is an eco-friendly and convenient alternative to conventional methods. leaf extract (BHE) was used in this study to reduce metal salts and cap and stabilize nanoparticles (NPs), which were characterized and tested for antibacterial and anti-corrosion properties. Stirring the extract with AgNO led to a color change, indicating nanoparticle formation.

Comparative evaluation of clinical attachment and alveolar bone levels in patients with infrabony pockets treated by conventional and microsurgical approach - a randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: The aim of the present study is to evaluate and compare healing outcomes, probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction, clinical attachment, and alveolar bone level following Modified Widman Flap (MWF) with and without 4× prismatic loupe in infrabony pockets.

Methods: Patients having at least one infrabony pocket with PPD ≥5 mm and angular bone loss ≥3 mm bilaterally were randomly assigned to a microsurgical (test) group with MWF using 4× magnifying loupes and conventional (control) group by MWF only. At baseline, 3 and 6 months plaque index, bleeding index, PPD, and relative clinical attachment level were taken.

Relationship between Hemispheric Preference Score and Academic Performance among Preclinical Medical Students Studying Medicine and Dentistry.

Background: Understanding the style of learning and thinking (SOLAT) of the students is necessary to keep students actively involved in learning, which could influence the academic performance of the students.

Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the right and left hemisphere preferences for processing information with academic performance of medical students in both theory and practical exams.

Materials And Methods: The hemispheric preference score for learning and thinking style among first year MBBS (95) and BDS (42) students was determined by SOLAT tool prepared by Dr.

Undiagnosed and Uncontrolled Hypertension and Access to Health Care among Residents of an Urban Area of Eastern Nepal: a Cross-sectional Study.

Background The burden and complication of hypertension is increasing as most of the people living with hypertension are unaware of their condition and those who are already diagnosed with it do not have their blood pressure under control. Objective To assess the prevalence of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension among residents of Itahari sub metropolitan city of eastern Nepal, along with its associated socio demographic and behavioral risk factors and access to health care services. Method Cross sectional study was conducted in five wards of Itahari, among 1161 participants, using population proportionate to sample size sampling technique.

Platelet-rich Plasma in the Treatment of Recurrent Flexor Tenosynovitis of Wrist Complicated with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report.

Introduction: Hand disorders are common manifestations in persons with diabetes mellitus. Flexor tenosynovitis (FTS) of the wrist is a relatively less common occurrence when compared with FTS of the finger. In the presence of uncontrolled diabetes, recurrence is not uncommon, and management may become difficult.

Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background Type 2 diabetes constitutes about 85-95% of all diabetes in developed countries, and accounts for an even higher percentage in developing countries. Diabetic retinopathy is probable the most characteristic, easily identifiable and treatable complication of diabetes, but remains an important cause of visual loss. Objective To study P100 latencies and inter ocular latency difference in diabetic group and compared it with a control group and study the correlation between P100 and inter ocular latency difference with the duration of disease in diabetic group.

Successful management of gingival recession with interdental attachment loss using gingival unit grafts.

Background: Gingival recession leads to root surface exposure devoid of periodontal attachment. Recession defects with interdental attachment loss (RT2, RT3), further increase the avascular area which is critical for survival of soft-tissue grafts. Nonsubmerged grafts such as free gingival grafts and gingival unit grafts (GUGs) rely primarily on plasmatic circulation from the recipient area during the initial stages of healing for its survival.

Platelet-rich plasma injection in the treatment of patellar tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections in the treatment of patellar tendinopathy.

Methods: The PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for clinical trials which compared PRP injection with other 'active treatment' interventions ('Non-PRP' injection and 'No-injection' treatments) or 'No-active treatment' interventions. Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials that had been published up to 15 November 2021, were included in the meta-analysis.

Hydroxychloroquine- A new treatment option for erosive oral lichen planus.

Context: Oral Lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic, debilitating, immune-mediated disease whose management is considered a challenge in medical science.

Aims: To quantitatively evaluate the effect of administration of enteral hydroxychloroquine (HCQS) as a monotherapy for six months on the extent and severity of erosive OLP using reticular score, erythema score and ulcerative score (REU score), and to subjectively evaluate the success of HCQS as a therapeutic drug for OLP-e using Tel Aviv-San Francisco Scale, visual analogue scale (VAS) and severity of burning sensation (BURN score).

Settings And Design: Prospective clinical trial.

Effectiveness of oral health education intervention among 12-15-year-old school children in Dharan, Nepal: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: School-aged adolescents are in particular need of preventive program to ensure positive long-term oral health and hygiene. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an oral health education (OHE) intervention on oral hygiene knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP), plaque control and gingival health among 12-15 years old school children in Dharan sub-metropolitan city, Nepal.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with parallel study groups, comprising 12-15-year-old school children, 120 in each group.

Dorsal Vertebral Enhancement Mimicking Sclerosing Metastases in Lung Cancer.

We report cases of vertebral body enhancement in patients with superior vena cava and brachiocephalic venous obstruction appearing as sclerotic metastases in post-contrast CT.A 58-year-old male presented with right lung mass compressing the superior vena cava.Sclerotic areas seen involving few vertebrae in post-contrast scans.

Professional Quality of Life among Medical Doctors Working in Kathmandu: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: The practice of medicine is an honorable profession besides being accompanied by a demanding environment. This study aimed to find out the professional quality of life of medical doctors working in Kathmandu valley.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 174 Nepalese medical doctors working in different hospitals of Kathmandu valley.

Squat and smile assessment in predicting healing of lower limb fractures fixed with a SIGN nail.

Background: Irrespective of the treatment method, union is the ultimate goal of any fracture treatment. However, nowadays, rather than the physician-based clinico-radiological methods, the patient-reported outcome measurements assessing their quality of life and function are gaining much popularity. This is specifically true in the part of the world where the patient needs almost complete degree of hip/knee flexion - for social, cultural, religious or occupational reason(s).

Rare Case of Metastatic Pleomorphic Liposarcoma of Thigh Presenting as Ewing's Sarcoma.

Liposarcoma is an uncommon group of tumors in the pediatric population. Of the various known subtypes,pleomorphic liposarcoma is the most infrequent in children.We present the case of a 7-year old child coming to the radiology department for evaluation of a right knee swelling.

Current status of periodontitis and its association with tobacco use amongst adult population of Sunsari district, in Nepal.

Background: Tobacco products are considered significant, but preventable factors related to initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. We assessed the prevalence of periodontitis and evaluated its association with tobacco use and other factors amongst the adult population of Sunsari district in eastern Nepal.

Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in rural municipalities in the province one of eastern Nepal.

Determinants of severe acute malnutrition among under 5 children in Satar community of Jhapa, Nepal.

Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is the most extreme and visible form of undernutrition plagued by chronic poverty, household food insecurity, lack of education. One of the indigenous and marginalized community of Nepal, Satar/Santhal has often been neglected and is devoid of good education and are economically deprived. This predisposes under 5 children of Satar into malnutrition.

Small energy gap revealed in CrBr by scanning tunneling spectroscopy.

CrBr is a layered van der Waals material with magnetic ordering down to the 2D limit. For decades, based on optical measurements, it is believed that the energy gap of CrBr is in the range of 1.68-2.

Association of the Pattern and Quality of Sleep with Consumption of Stimulant Beverages, Cigarette and Alcohol among Medical Students.

Background: Sleep is important in maintenance of proper functioning of both mental and physical functions of human body. Studies have shown there is impact on the sleep parameters with the use of caffeine, cigarette and alcohol. As there is little availability of similar studies here in Nepal, we made an attempt to know the relation of consumption of such substances with the sleep quality and sleep parameters as per Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale.

Assessment of oral health status and treatment needs among people of Foklyan area, Dharan, Nepal.

Background: Oral diseases are a major public health problem globally due to high prevalence and significant social impact. Foklyan is a peri urban area with people belonging to indigenous population of low socioeconomic status. This study was conducted to assess the oral health status and treatment needs among the people of Foklyan area, Dharan.

Urinary Calculi: A Microbiological and Biochemical Analysis at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal.

Background: The occurrence of urinary tract infection in presence of urolithiasis is frequently noted; however, microbial agents of urolithiasis and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns remain underinvestigated. This study aimed to identify the microorganisms isolated from urine and stone matrices to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility, to find the association between the pathogens of urine and stone matrices, and to perform the biochemical analysis of stones.

Methods: A total of 88 cases of urolithiasis admitted for elective stone removal at Department of surgery, B.