Dental Antimicrobial Stewardship: Developing a Mobile Application for Rational Antibiotic Prescribing to Tackle Misdiagnosis.

Background/objectives: Inexperienced dentists and dental students are especially prone to misdiagnosis, and this represents a huge problem regarding antimicrobial stewardship. We aimed to develop a mobile app for rational antibiotic prescribing in dentistry based on local-systemic symptoms and patient factors, rather than solely on diagnosis, to tackle misdiagnosis.

Methods: The study involved 64 participants, 50 of which were third-year dental students attending a pharmacology course focusing on antimicrobials, comprising lectures and practical sessions without (noAPP group, n = 22) or with (APP group n = 28) the assistance of a mobile application.

Wearable Technologies for Detecting Burnout and Well-Being in Health Care Professionals: Scoping Review.

Background: The occupational burnout epidemic is a growing issue, and in the United States, up to 60% of medical students, residents, physicians, and registered nurses experience symptoms. Wearable technologies may provide an opportunity to predict the onset of burnout and other forms of distress using physiological markers.

Objective: This study aims to identify physiological biomarkers of burnout, and establish what gaps are currently present in the use of wearable technologies for burnout prediction among health care professionals (HCPs).

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Swedish Adolescents' Mental Health, Psychosocial Functioning, Risk Behaviours, and Victimisation: Gender Differences and Implications.

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown varying effects on adolescents' mental health, psychosocial functioning, risk behaviours, and victimisation. This study aims to examine the changes reported by a sample of Swedish adolescents ( = 1607) at the end of the first year of the pandemic in relation to these factors. Data were collected with an electronic survey between September 2020 and February 2021, targeting upper-secondary high school students (aged 15-19 years).

Rational Antibiotic Prescribing Is Underpinned by Dental Ethics Principles: Survey on Postgraduate and Undergraduate Dental Students' Perceptions.

Background: Dentists bear the burden of responsibility for antimicrobial resistance since antibiotics are the drugs most prescribed by dentists. Often, "inappropriate" antibiotic use is considered as a "gray area" by dentists mainly due to ethical challenges associated with the clinical judgement depending on patients and/or prescribers.

Aim: The study aimed to assess whether and in what way dental ethical principles underpin rational antibiotic use by investigating perceptions of postgraduate and undergraduate dental students without formal knowledge of dental ethics.

Multipotent bone marrow cell-seeded polymeric composites drive long-term, definitive urinary bladder tissue regeneration.

To date, there are no efficacious translational solutions for end-stage urinary bladder dysfunction. Current surgical strategies, including urinary diversion and bladder augmentation enterocystoplasty (BAE), utilize autologous intestinal segments (e.g.

Melatonin Action in Type 2 Diabetic Parotid Gland and Dental Pulp: In Vitro and Bioinformatic Findings.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with functional deterioration of the salivary gland and dental pulp, related to oxidative stress. The aim was to integrate experimental and bioinformatic findings to analyze the cellular mechanism of melatonin (MEL) action in the human parotid gland and dental pulp in diabetes. Human parotid gland tissue was obtained from 16 non-diabetic and 16 diabetic participants, as well as human dental pulp from 15 non-diabetic and 15 diabetic participants.

Patient discomfort and intensity of intraseptal anesthesia of computer-controlled articaine/epinephrine delivery for scaling and root planing.

Objectives: The primary aim was to assess the pain during intraseptal anesthesia (ISA) administration, as well as during and after scaling and root planing (SRP). The secondary aims pertained to comparing the pain in different jaw regions and evaluating the factors affecting pain during ISA administration, during and after SRP.

Material And Methods: ISA was obtained with three different doses of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine (4%Ar + Ep) in 360 patients.

Efficacy of intraseptal anesthesia obtained by computer-controlled articaine with epinephrine delivery in scaling and root planing.

Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to compare the anesthetic efficacy of the intraseptal anesthesia (ISA) obtained with three doses of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine (4%Ar + Ep) for scaling and root planing (SRP), using a computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system (CCLADS). The secondary aims were to compare the clinical anesthetic parameters in relation to different jaw regions and examine the possible influence of sex and smoking habits on them.

Materials And Methods: SRP under ISA obtained with different doses (0.

Chemical Imaging of Organic Materials by MeV SIMS Using a Continuous Collimated Ion Beam.

MeV SIMS is a type of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) technique where molecules are desorbed from the sample surface with ions of MeV energies. In this work, we present a novel system for molecular imaging of organic materials using a continuous analytical beam and a start trigger for timing based on the detection of secondary electrons. The sample is imaged by a collimated primary ion beam and scanning of the target with a lateral resolution of ∼20 μm.

Depth profiling of Cr-ITO dual-layer sample with secondary ion mass spectrometry using MeV ions in the low energy region.

This work explores the possibility of depth profiling of inorganic materials with Megaelectron Volt Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry using low energy primary ions (LE MeV SIMS), specifically 555 keV Cu, while etching the surface with 1 keV Ar ions. This is demonstrated on a dual-layer sample consisting of 50 nm Cr layer deposited on 150 nm InOSn (ITO) glass. These materials proved to have sufficient secondary ion yield in previous studies using copper ions with energies of several hundred keV.

Antifungal Susceptibility of Isolated from Tongue and Subgingival Biofilm of Periodontitis Patients.

The subgingival biofilm, as the most complex microbial community, has been proven to be reservoir of spp. The main concept of this study was to investigate if there is a difference between the sensitivity of () isolated from tongue and subgingival areas of periodontitis patients to antifungal agents. The aim of the study was to determine: (1) the distribution of different species in the tongue and subgingival samples of periodontitis patients; (2) the susceptibility of strains from tongue and subgingival biofilm to the effects of commonly used antifungal agents: fluconazole, amphotericin B and itraconazole; (3) the correlation between the susceptibility of and clinical periodontal parameters.

Comparison of optical techniques and MeV SIMS in determining deposition order between optically distinguishable and indistinguishable inks from different writing tools.

In the forensic investigation of questioned documents, it is often very important to know the deposition order of ink traces from two different writing tools at their intersection on a paper. In the present work, intersections of inks from several writing tools were studied using optical techniques that are standardly applied for questioned documents examination in a forensic laboratory, and an accelerator-based Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) technique called Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry using MeV ions (MeV SIMS) that is applied in an accelerator facility. MeV SIMS provides molecular information about the studied inks from writing tools, which is an added value and can be also applied for determination of deposition order but was so far relatively rarely used in forensic studies.

Imaging of Organic Samples with Megaelectron Volt Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Capillary Microprobe.

Time-of-flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF SIMS) with MeV primary ions offers a fine balance between secondary ion yield for molecules in the mass range from 100 to 1000 Da and beam spot size, both of which are critical for imaging applications of organic samples. Using conically shaped glass capillaries with an exit diameter of a few micrometers, a high energy heavy primary beam can be collimated to less than 10 μm. In this work, imaging capabilities of such a setup are presented for some organic samples (leucine-evaporated mesh, fly wing section, ink deposited on paper).

Skimmed Goat's Milk Powder Enriched with Grape Pomace Seed Extract: Phenolics and Protein Characterization and Antioxidant Properties.

The aim of this research was phenolics and protein characterization and antioxidant properties evaluation of skimmed thermally treated goat's milk powder enriched with different concentration of grape pomace seed extract (SE). The dominant phenolics in SE were phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols and procyanidins. Different electrophoretic techniques together with UHPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of phenolics-protein interactions in the samples, mainly procyanidins with whey protein/caseins complexes.

Effect of Ripening in Brine and in a Vacuum on Protein, Fatty Acid and Mineral Profiles, and Antioxidant Potential of Reduced-Fat White Cheese.

Research Background: Numerous factors affect the ripening of reduced-fat white cheese. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of ripening environment (brine or vacuum plastic bags without brine) on the chemical composition, protein, fatty acid profile and mineral content as well as antioxidant properties of industrially produced reduced-fat white cheese.

Experimental Approach: A low-fat white cheese was manufactured on an industrial scale from milk that remained after the production of kajmak and ripened for 60 days at 4 °C after packaging in a polystyrene container with brine containing 6% salt or in vacuum-sealed polyethylene bags.

Polyphenol bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of in vitro digested spray-dried thermally-treated skimmed goat milk enriched with pollen.

The aim of research was to determine polyphenols bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of thermally-treated skimmed goat milk enriched with sunflower bee-collected pollen through in vitro digestion. HPLC analysis confirmed that pollen-enriched milk contained flavonols as the main phenolic fraction (80.7-76.

MeV TOF SIMS Analysis of Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Compounds in the Low Energy Region.

The low energy range (a few 100 keV to a few megaelectronvolts) primary ion mode in MeV secondary ion mass spectrometry (MeV SIMS) and its potential in exploiting the capabilities of conventional (keV) SIMS and MeV SIMS simultaneously were investigated. The aim is to see if in this energy range of both types of materials, inorganic and organic, can be simultaneously analyzed. A feasibility study was conducted, first by analyzing the dependence of secondary ion yields in indium tin oxide (ITO, InOSn) and leucine (CHNO) on various primary ion energies and charge states of a Cu beam, within the scope of equal influence of electronic and nuclear stopping.

Trypsin inhibitor content and activity of soaking water whey as waste in soy milk processing.

Soybean soaking water whey (SWW) is obtained as the waste of soy milk production and mostly represents an environmental problem. The aim of this study was to assess the content of proteins and content and activity of trypsin inhibitors of fresh SWW, obtained during soy milk production. Two zones of Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitors (BBI) were detected.

The effects of bone marrow stem and progenitor cell seeding on urinary bladder tissue regeneration.

Complications associated with urinary bladder augmentation provide the motivation to delineate alternative bladder tissue regenerative engineering strategies. We describe the results of varying the proportion of bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to CD34 + hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) co-seeded onto synthetic POC [poly(1,8 octamethylene citrate)] or small intestinal submucosa (SIS) scaffolds and their contribution to bladder tissue regeneration. Human BM MSCs and CD34 + HSPCs were co-seeded onto POC or SIS scaffolds at cell ratios of 50 K CD34 + HSPCs/15 K MSCs (CD34-50/MSC15); 50 K CD34 + HSPCs/30 K MSCs (CD34-50/MSC30); 100 K CD34 + HSPCs/15 K MSCs (CD34-100/MSC15); and 100 K CD34 + HSPCs/30 K MSCs (CD34-100/MSC30), in male (M/POC; M/SIS; n = 6/cell seeded scaffold) and female (F/POC; F/SIS; n = 6/cell seeded scaffold) nude rats (n = 96 total animals).

Effect of section thickness on cone beam computed tomography-based measurements of intrabony defects compared with clinical measurements.

Background: It is unknown whether cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) image reconstruction characteristics, including section thickness, may affect linear bone measurements of periodontal intrabony defects. The aim of this study was to compare intrasurgical and CBCT-based linear measurements of intrabony defects focusing on CBCT section thickness.

Methods: Sixty-six intrabony defects were assessed in 21 patients with chronic generalized severe periodontitis.

Dependence of Megaelectron Volt Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Secondary Molecular Ion Yield from Phthalocyanine Blue on Primary Ion Stopping Power.

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF SIMS) is a well-established mass spectrometry technique used for the chemical analysis of both organic and inorganic materials. In the last ten years, many advances have been made to improve the yield of secondary molecular ions, especially those desorbed from the surfaces of organic samples. For this reason, cluster ion beams with kiloelectron volt energies for the excitation were mostly used.

Physical, Chemical, Microbiological and Sensory Characteristics of a Probiotic Beverage Produced from Different Mixtures of Cow's Milk and Soy Beverage by La5 and Yoghurt Culture.

The aim of this paper is to determine nutritive, functional, microbiological and sensory properties of probiotic beverages produced from different volume ratios of cow's milk and soy beverage (25:75, 50:50 and 75:25). Pure cow's milk and soy beverage served as control samples. Fermentation was performed at 43 °C by a combined culture consisting of the probiotic strain La5 and yoghurt culture.

The Application of Pollen as a Functional Food and Feed Ingredient-The Present and Perspectives.

Pollen is recognized as an excellent dietary supplement for human nutrition, which is why it can be found in different forms on the market (granules, capsules, tablets, pellets, and powders). But, the digestibility of pollen's nutrients is strongly affected by the presence of a pollen shell, which can decrease the bioavailability of nutrients by 50% and more. Since consumers have become more aware of the benefits of a healthy diet and the necessity to improve pollen digestibility, different pollen-based functional food products have been developed and extensive studies were done to estimate the beneficial effects of pollen-based feed on animal growth, health, and rigor mortise stage.

Study of the diacylglycerol composition in the liver and serum of mice with prediabetes and diabetes using MeV TOF-SIMS.

Aims: Hepatic insulin resistance, induced by fat, occurs before peripheral resistance and leads to prediabetes and diabetes. If insulin resistance is detected earlier, lifestyle changes could prevent or delay disease development. Therefore, we analysed lipids in the liver and serum of prediabetic and diabetic mice by MeV TOF-SIMS with a focus on diacylglycerols (DAGs) as the best predictor of (liver) resistance.