Virucidal Coatings Active Against SARS-CoV-2.

Three types of coatings (contact-based, release-based, and combined coatings with both contact-based and release-based actions) were prepared and tested for the ability to inactivate SARS-CoV-2. In these coatings, quaternary ammonium surfactants were used as active agents since quaternary ammonium compounds are some of the most commonly used disinfectants. To provide contact-based action, the glass and silicon surfaces with covalently attached quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant were prepared using a dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride modifier.

Unmodified Silica Nanoparticles Enhance Mechanical Properties and Welding Ability of Epoxy Thermosets with Tunable Vitrimer Matrix.

Epoxy/silica thermosets with tunable matrix (vitrimers) were prepared by thermal curing of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) in the presence of a hardener-4-methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA), a transesterification catalyst-zinc acetylacetonate (ZAA), and 10-15 nm spherical silica nanoparticles. The properties of the resulting material were studied by tensile testing, thermomechanical and dynamic mechanical analysis. It is shown that at room temperature the introduction of 5-10 wt% of silica nanoparticles in the vitrimer matrix strengthens the material leading to the increase of the elastic modulus by 44% and the tensile stress by 25%.

Anesthesia in children with osteogenesis imperfecta: Retrospective chart review of 83 patients and 205 anesthetics over 7 years.

Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta is the collective term for a heterogeneous group of connective tissue syndromes characterized by bone fragility with multisystem involvement and perioperative implications.

Aims: Literature review of anesthetic management of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta revealed a paucity of data on the incidence of perioperative challenges. We sought to determine the rates of these challenges in our study cohort.

The Biomechanical Effects of Resuscitation Colloids on the Compromised Lung Endothelial Glycocalyx.

Background: The endothelial glycocalyx is an important component of the vascular permeability barrier, forming a scaffold that allows serum proteins to create a gel-like layer on the endothelial surface and transmitting mechanosensing and mechanotransduction information that influences permeability. During acute inflammation, the glycocalyx is degraded, changing how it interacts with serum proteins and colloids used during resuscitation and altering its barrier properties and biomechanical characteristics. We quantified changes in the biomechanical properties of lung endothelial glycocalyx during control conditions and after degradation by hyaluronidase using biophysical techniques that can probe mechanics at (1) the aqueous/glycocalyx interface and (2) inside the glycocalyx.

Modification biological activity of S and R forms of Proteus mirabilis and Burkholderia cepacia lipopolysaccharides by carrageenans.

The modification of biological features of S and R forms of Proteus mirabilis and Burkholderia cepacia LPS by kappa/iota and kappa/beta carrageenans was shown in Limulus activation test, ELISA, human complement activation and apoptotic assay. The role of positively charged substituent Ara4N in lipid A was evaluated as a suspected major domain for interactions with sulphate groups of carrageenans.The experiments obtained by three serological methods indicated that not only lipid A part of LPS but also polysaccharide elements such as core and O-specific chain are involved in interaction with carrageenes.

Gelling polysaccharide from Chondrus armatus and its oligosaccharides: the structural peculiarities and anti-inflammatory activity.

Structural peculiarities of low molecular weight (LMW) sample obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of κ-carrageenan from Chondrus armatus was investigated by a rapid mass spectrometric method. The selected conditions allowed avoiding excess destruction of 3,6-AnGal residues that was shown by using tandem (MS/MS) mode. Main oligosaccharide fraction with molecular weight 2.

Pharmacologic blockade of vascular adhesion protein-1 lessens neurologic dysfunction in rats subjected to subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a potentially devastating clinical problem. Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of SAH, outcome remains unfavorable. An increased inflammatory state, one that is characterized by enhanced leukocyte trafficking has been reported to contribute to neuronal injury in association with multiple brain insults, including hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke.

Atomic force microscopy imaging of carrageenans from red algae of Gigartinaceae and Tichocarpaceae families.

In the present article, the atomic force microscopy was applied to investigate macromolecular structures of various carrageenan types including hybrid polysaccharides (κ-, κ/β-, κ/ι-, λ-, and X-carrageenans) depending on polysaccharide concentration. The structures dependence on a polysaccharide concentration also was focused. κ-Carrageenan forms both single and two stranded structures at a low concentration.

In vitro and ex vivo studies of antioxidant activity of carrageenans, sulfated polysaccharides from red algae.

Antioxidant properties of structurally different sulfated polysaccharides (carrageenans) were studied in vitro and ex vivo. Ferric reducing antioxidant activity of carrageenans and their inhibitory effects on hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion radicals were demonstrated in vitro. Activity of carrageenans depends on the polysaccharide structure.

Effects of structural peculiarities of carrageenans on their immunomodulatory and anticoagulant activities.

Biological activity of five carrageenan types - kappa, kappa/beta, kappa/iota, lambda and new type - iks - isolated from the most abundant species belonging to Gigartinaceae and Tichocarpaceae collected from the Pacific coast was investigated. The ability of carrageenans to influence on the cytokine production by human cells is greatly dependent on concentration and structure of polysaccharides. At high concentrations all types of carrageenans increased the level of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and TNF-α, while at low concentration (1-10ng/mL) their activity was insignificant.

Correlation between influence of polysaccharides on hydrolase activity and their antiviral effect in tobacco leaves.

The activities of hydrolases (acid phosphatase, RNase, and proteases) in healthy and tobacco mosaic virus-infected leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. var. Samsun, both untreated and treated with polysaccharides (PS) (1,3;1,6-β-D-glucan, fucoidan, and κ/β-carrageenan), were determined.

[Inhibitory effect of kappa/beta-carrageenan from red alga Tichocarpus crinitus on the development of a potato virus X infection in leaves of Datura stramonium L].

The effect of kappa/beta-carrageenan from red alda Tichocarpus crinitus on the development of a potato virus X (PVX) infection in the leaves of Datura stramonium L. has been studied. The treatment of leaves with carrageenan stimulates a protein synthesis in the cells, causing an increase in the size of nucleoli and in the number of mitochondria and membranes of the granular endoplasmic reticulum.

[Influence of kappa/beta-carrageenan from red alga Tichocarpus crinitus on development of local infection induced by tobacco mosaic virus in Xanthi-nc tobacco leaves].

The influence of kappa/beta-carrageenan from red marine alga Tichocarpus crinitus on the development of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection in Xanthi-nc tobacco leaves was studied. It was shown that the number of necrotic lesions on the leaves inoculated with the mixture of TMV (2 microg/ml) and carrageenan (1 mg/ml) was reduced by 87%, compared to the leaves inoculated with the virus only. The suppression of virus infection was also observed when leaves were treated with carrageenan 24 h before or 24 h after leaf inoculation with TMV; however, in these cases, suppression was less evident than after inoculation with the virus-polysaccharide mixture.

Natural polysaccharide carrageenan inhibits toxic effect of gram-negative bacterial endotoxins.

The protective effect of polysaccharide carrageenan on the damaging effect of endotoxins of gram-negative bacteria was studied in vivo and in vitro. Carrageenan increased mouse resistance to the toxic effect of LPS. The degree of protection depended on polysaccharide concentration and administration time and route.

Significance of beta-radiation skin burns in Chernobyl patients for the theory and practice of radiopathology.

In the year 1986 the Clinical Department of the Institute of Biophysics of the Ministry of Health of the USSR was the main specialized center in the country for the treatment of radiation disease. More than 300 people involved into the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident were submitted to a specialized clinical observation, and the acute radiation syndrome (ARS) was diagnosed in 115 of the patients. The author of the article worked as a chief of surgical team responsible for the radiation burns treatment.

Comparative study of carrageenans from reproductive and sterile forms of Tichocarpus crinitus (Gmel.) Rupr (Rhodophyta, Tichocarpaceae).

A comparative study of the structure and properties of the sulfated polysaccharides (carrageenans) isolated from the vegetative and reproductive forms of the red alga Tichocarpus crinitus was performed. The polysaccharides were separated into the gelling (KCl-insoluble) and non-gelling (KCl-soluble) fractions by precipitation with 4% KCl. The total content of polysaccharides extracted from the reproductive form of the alga was 1.

[The relation of the times of onset of vomiting to the magnitude and power of the dose of ionizing radiation].

The paper is concerned with analysis of correlation of the time of appearance of vomit in a person and a mean dose rate of prolonged gamma-radiation in the persons affected at the Chernobyl accident. The data were approximated by power function. For irradiation with a constant dose rate (P) such correlation looks like Tp = 2.

[The use of kombutek 2 in treating patients with radiation damages to the skin].

A high activity of combutec 2, prepared on the basis of soluble collagen, was demonstrated in patients with radiation injuries of the skin after the accident at Chernobyl. Combutec 2 can be recommended for local therapy of patients with skin radiation injuries in all periods of development of these changes.

The dependence of skin lesions on the depth-dose distribution from beta-irradiation of people in the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident.

A detailed study was made of the conditions of exposure of 56 victims of the Chernobyl accident who suffered radiation lesions in the skin. The most typical conditions were experimentally reconstructed in order to investigate the specific characteristics of the distribution of doses to the skin according to depth for different exposure conditions. The absorbed doses at depths of 7 mg cm-2 and 150 mg cm-2 were calculated on the basis of measurements with multilayer skin dosemeters.

[Diagnosis, clinical picture and therapy of acute radiation disease in victims of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station. I. Conditions of irradiation, dose levels, bone marrow syndrome and its therapy].

A follow-up of 115 patients with acute radiation disease resulting from external gamma-beta-radiation confirmed a high value of the previously proposed principles of predicting a degree of severity on the basis of the clinical manifestations of a primary reaction of disease and some syndromes using methods of hematological and cytogenetic analysis. Early isolation of patients with ARD of II-IV degree, selective intestinal decontamination, administration of antibiotics of a broad spectrum of action, antimycotic and antiviral drugs, and gamma-globulin can practically eliminate the risk of development of fatal infectious complications in medullary and transient types of radiation disease. The efficient use of thrombomass transfusion completely prevents development of the thrombocytopenic hemorrhagic syndrome.

[The diagnosis, clinical picture and treatment of acute radiation sickness in the victims of the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station. II. Non-bone marrow syndromes of radiation lesions and their treatment].

Out of 115 victims to the breakdown, 56 persons had radiation burns, 17 the intestinal syndrome, 80 the oropharyngeal syndrome, and 7 interstitial radiation pneumonitis. In the lethal outcome, of crucial importance were radiation burns (over 40% of the body surface) (19 persons) and radiation pneumonitis (7 persons). The grave intestinal and oropharyngeal syndromes were accompanied by other fatal manifestations of radiation injuries.

[Acute radiation effects in victims of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station].

Observation made over 115 patients with acute radiation sickness due to exposure to external gamma- and beta-rays confirmed high efficiency of the earlier proposed principles of prognostication of the degree of severity by clinical manifestations of the primary disease response and those of separate syndromes, using the methods of hematological and cytogenetic analyses. Out of 115 victims, 56 persons had radiation burns (RB), 17--intestinal syndrome (IS), 80--oropharyngeal syndrome (ORS), 7--interstitial radiation pneumonitis (IRP). In thanatogenesis, of prime importance were: RB (more than 40% of the body surface)--19 persons and IRP--7 persons.