Working memory multicomponent model outcomes in individuals with traumatic brain injury: Critical review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) often leads to cognitive impairments, particularly regarding working memory (WM). This meta-analysis aims to examine the impact of TBI on WM, taking into account moderating factors which has received little attention in previous research, such as severity of injury, the different domains of Baddeley's multi-component model, and the interaction between these two factors, as well as the interaction with other domains of executive functions.

Method: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines, a systematic review and meta-analysis searched Google Scholar, PubMed, and PsycNET for studies with objective WM measures.

The Effect of Martial Arts Training on Cognitive and Psychological Functions in At-Risk Youths.

The current study assessed whether an extended program of martial arts training was a viable intervention for at-risk youths in improving cognitive and psychological functions. Adolescent boys attending specialized education facilities for at-risk youths took part in regular sport lessons or martial arts practice twice a week for 6 months. Hormonal reactivity was assessed during initial training, and measures of psychological (aggression, self-esteem) and cognitive (inhibition, flexibility, speed of processing, and attention) functions were assessed before and immediately following the intervention.

The effectiveness of memory remediation strategies after traumatic brain injury: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a steadily rising health concern associated with significant risk of emotional, behavioral and cognitive impairments. Cognitive memory impairment is one of the most concerning outcomes after TBI, affecting a wide range of everyday activities, social interactions and employment. Several comparative and comprehensive reviews on the effects of cognitive interventions in individuals with TBI have been conducted but usually with a qualitative rather than quantitative approach.

Behavior and knowledge trajectories among adult offspring of patients with an acute cardiac event: A call for a turning point in cardiac prevention.

Introduction: Early detection is critical in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). An at-risk population for cardiac disease-and conveniently approachable in terms of timing-is cardiac patients' offspring, at the moment when the parent is hospitalized for his or her own cardiac event. Based on the theoretical underpinning of life turning points, defined as perceived life course-changing events, we suggest that adult children would view the parent's cardiac event as a significant life turning point and that this understanding would motivate them to learn about CVD and to change their lifestyles accordingly.

Paying attention to speech: The role of working memory capacity and professional experience.

Managing attention in multispeaker environments is a challenging feat that is critical for human performance. However, why some people are better than others in allocating attention appropriately remains highly unknown. Here, we investigated the contribution of two factors-working memory capacity (WMC) and professional experience-to performance on two different types of attention task: selective attention to one speaker and distributed attention among multiple concurrent speakers.

Perception of Caregiving During Childhood is Related to Later Executive Functions and Antisocial Behavior in At-Risk Boys.

Executive functions are considered essential for effective navigation in the social world. Parental responsiveness is a critical ingredient for normative social development and, as such, may be connected with the development of executive functions. Disruption of this development may, in turn, lead to maladaptive and antisocial behaviors.

Non-pharmacological interventions for cognitive difficulties in ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and is associated with significant risk of educational failure, interpersonal problems, mental illness, and delinquency. Despite a number of comparative and comprehensive reviews on the effects of ADHD treatments on ADHD core symptoms, evidence synthesizing the effects of ADHD interventions on cognitive difficulties is limited. In this meta-analysis, the neuropsychological effects of non-pharmacological interventions for ADHD were examined across studies published between 1980 and 2017.