Association of Schistosoma haematobium and human papillomavirus in cervical cancer: a case report.

Background: The association between Schistosoma haematobium and cervical cancer has been reported for a long time. However, recently human papillomavirus, a cofactor in the genesis of cervical cancer, has been confirmed. A case of squamous intraepithelial lesion after S haematobium infection is presented, and the relation between schistosomiasis, human papillomavirus and squamous intraepithelial lesion, with long-term follow-up by Papanicolaou smear, is discussed.

Introital swab testing for Chlamydia trachomatis in a resource-poor setting: an Indian perspective.

Objective: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is implicated both in tubal infertility and in cervical dysplasia. Early detection of this infection is uncommon due to its asymptomatic nature and to lack of adequate health care facilities, leading to irreversible sequelae. This study evaluates the use of an introital specimen from women attending the Institute's infertility clinic to detect CT by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to correlate it with intraepithelial changes (IEC) of the cervix by Pap smears.