Melatonin suppresses PD-L1 expression and exerts antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Melatonin, also known as the pineal hormone, is secreted by the pineal gland and primarily regulates circadian rhythms. Additionally, it possesses immunomodulatory properties and anticancer effects. However, its specific mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear, particularly regarding its effect on HCC-mediated immune escape through PD-L1 expression.

Opioid-free strategies for patient-controlled intravenous postoperative analgesia: a review of recent studies.

Postoperative pain management has consistently been a critical topic in the medical field, with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) being one of the most commonly utilized methods for postoperative analgesia. Currently, opioids remain the primary choice for PCIA in clinical practice. However, in recent years, an increasing number of studies have explored analgesic strategies aimed at reducing or eliminating the use of opioids in PCIA to mitigate the associated side effects and dependence.

The relationship between anesthesia, surgery and postoperative immune function in cancer patients: a review.

This review comprehensively examines the impact of anesthesia and surgical interventions on the immune function of cancer patients postoperatively. Recent studies have shown that surgery and its accompanying anesthesia management can significantly influence immune function in cancer patients, potentially affecting their prognosis. This review synthesizes clinical studies and basic research to summarize the specific effects of anesthesia methods, drugs, postoperative analgesia, intraoperative transfusion, surgical techniques, and trauma extent on the immune function of cancer patients post-surgery.

The relationship between anesthesia and melatonin: a review.

This comprehensive review delves into the intricate and multifaceted relationship between anesthesia and melatonin, aiming to provide essential insights for perioperative clinical anesthesiologists and stimulate interest in related research. Anesthesia and surgery have the potential to disrupt melatonin secretion, leading to sleep disorders, postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction and other symptoms. In comparison to previous reviews, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the various aspects linking melatonin and anesthesia, going beyond isolated perspectives.