Integrative physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analysis reveals the drought responses of two apple rootstock cultivars.

Background: Drought is considered the main environmental factor restricting apple production and thus the development of the apple industry. Rootstocks play an important role in enhancing the drought tolerance of apple plants. Studies of the physiology have demonstrated that 'ZC9-3' is a strong drought-resistant rootstock, whereas 'Jizhen-2' is a weak drought-resistant rootstock.

Exogenous melatonin alleviates apple replant disease by regulating rhizosphere soil microbial community structure and nitrogen metabolism.

Apple replant disease (ARD) is a common soil-borne disease afflicting apple plants. Melatonin is a broad-spectrum oxygen scavenger that plays a key role in alleviating stress-induced damage in plants. In this study, we aimed to determine whether adding melatonin to replant soil can promote plant growth by improving the rhizosphere soil environment and nitrogen metabolism.

miR-615 facilitates porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by targeting to inhibit type III interferon expression.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in the Coronavirus family is a highly contagious enteric pathogen in the swine industry, which has evolved mechanisms to evade host innate immune responses. The PEDV-mediated inhibition of interferons (IFNs) has been linked to the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in virus-host interactions and IFN-I regulation.

Improved tolerance of apple plants to drought stress and nitrogen utilization by modulating the rhizosphere microbiome melatonin and dopamine.

This study explored the contributions of melatonin and dopamine to the uptake and utilization of nitrogen and the formation of rhizosphere microbial communities in 'Tianhong 2'/. , with the goal improving plant resistance to drought stress. Drought stress was formed by artificially controlling soil moisture content.

Ectopic expression of HIOMT improves tolerance and nitrogen utilization efficiency in transgenic apple under drought stress.

Melatonin enhances plant tolerance to various environmental stressors. Although exogenous application of melatonin has been investigated, the role of endogenous melatonin metabolism in the response of apples to drought stress and nutrient utilization remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of ectopically expressing the human melatonin synthase gene HIOMT on transgenic apple plants under drought stress conditions.

Beneficial Effects of Exogenous Melatonin and Dopamine on Low Nitrate Stress in .

Malus hupehensis, as an apple rootstock, is an economically important tree species popular due to its excellent fruit yield and stress resistance. Nitrogen is one of the critical limiting factors of plant growth and fruit yield, so it is crucial to explore new methods to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Melatonin and dopamine, as multifunctional metabolites, play numerous physiological roles in plants.

Melatonin and dopamine mediate the regulation of nitrogen uptake and metabolism at low ammonium levels in Malus hupehensis.

In plants, ammonium (NH) is the main nitrogen source and acts as a physiological and morphological response signaling molecule. Melatonin and dopamine are associated with plant responses to abiotic stress. However, previous studies have rarely focused on nutrient stress, and the roles of melatonin and dopamine in the uptake and metabolism of nitrogen in plants remain unclear.

Crop Load Influences Growth and Hormone Changes in the Roots of "Red Fuji" Apple.

Crop load has a substantial impact on growth of the aerial and belowground parts of apple trees. Here, we examined the effects of different crop loads on growth and hormone levels in apple roots. A crop load of 1.

Detrimental effects of antibiotics on mouse embryos in chromatin integrity, apoptosis and expression of zygotically activated genes.

The effects of specific components in culture medium on embryo physiology have been extensively investigated to optimize in vitro culture systems; however, little attention has been paid to antibiotics, the reagents used most commonly in culture systems to prevent contamination. To investigate the potential effects of routine use of antibiotics on cultured embryos, mouse zygotes were cultured with or without antibiotics. In both groups, the developmental rate and cell number of blastocysts appear to be normal.

Isolation and culture of bovine mammary epithelial stem cells.

Bovine mammary epithelial stem cells (MESCs) are very important in agricultural production and bioengineering. In the present study, we compared different isolation and culture methods for MESCs and observed their growth and differentiation characteristics. MESCs have an extremely weak proliferation capacity, and it is very difficult to obtain and prolong subculture of a bovine mammary epithelial stem cell line.

Reprogramming donor cells with oocyte extracts improves in vitro development of nuclear transfer embryos.

This study investigated the effects of donor cells pretreated with oocyte extracts on in vitro development of cloned embryos. Bovine fibroblasts were exposed to immature, mature and parthenogenetic oocyte extracts respectively before nuclear transfer. The detectable expression of Oct4 and global deacetylation in the treated cells showed that extracts could reprogram fibroblasts.