Disruption of the rice ALS1 localized in chloroplast causes seedling-lethal albino phenotype.

Chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis and regulate normal plant growth. Although translation elongation factors play important roles in chloroplast development, functional studies of chloroplast translation elongation factors in higher plants remain very sparse. Here, we obtained a rice mutant exhibiting seedling-lethal albino phenotype and named it albino and lethal seedling 1 (als1).

Improvement of resistance to rice blast and bacterial leaf streak by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of and in rice ( L.).

Rice ( L.) is a staple food in many countries around the world, particularly in China. The production of rice is seriously affected by the bacterial leaf streak and rice blast, which can reduce rice yield or even cause it to fail to be harvested.

Improving Rice Leaf Shape Using CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing of and Characterizing Its Regulatory Network Involved in Leaf Rolling through Transcriptome Analysis.

Leaf rolling is a crucial agronomic trait to consider in rice ( L.) breeding as it keeps the leaves upright, reducing interleaf shading and improving photosynthetic efficiency. The () gene plays a key role in regulating leaf rolling, as it encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein located on the plasma membrane.

Comparative transcriptome-wide identification and differential expression of genes and lncRNAs in rice near-isogenic line (KW--NIL) in response to BPH feeding.

Brown planthopper (BPH) is the most devastating pest of rice in Asia, causing substantial yield losses and has become a challenging task to be controlled under field conditions. Although extensive measures have been taken over the past decades, which resulted in the evolution of new resistant BPH strains. Therefore, besides other possible approaches, equipping host plants with resistant genes is the most effective and environment-friendly technique for BPH control.

Detection of QTLs Regulating Six Agronomic Traits of Rice Based on Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines of Common Wild Rice ( Griff.) and Mapping of and .

Wild rice is a primary source of genes that can be utilized to generate rice cultivars with advantageous traits. Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) are consisting of a set of consecutive and overlapping donor chromosome segments in a recipient's genetic background. CSSLs are an ideal genetic population for mapping quantitative traits loci (QTLs).

Development of Soft Rice Lines by Regulating Amylose Content via Editing the 5'UTR of the Gene.

The type of soft rice with low amylose content (AC) is more and more favored by consumers for its better eating and cooking quality, as people's quality of life continuously improves in China. The gene regulates the AC of rice grains, thus affecting the degree of softness of the rice. Mei Meng B (MMB), Tian Kang B (TKB), and DR462 are three indica rice maintained lines with good morphological characters, but also with undesirably high AC.

CRISPR/Cas9-Induced Mutagenesis of Confers Thermosensitive Genic Male Sterility by Influencing Protein Expression in Rice ( L.).

The development of thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines is the key to breeding two-line hybrid rice, which has been widely applied in China to increase grain yield. CRISPR/Cas9 has been widely used in genome editing to create novel mutants in rice. In the present study, a super grain quality line, GXU 47, was used to generate a new TGMS line with specific mutations in a major TGMS gene generated with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in order to improve the rice quality of two-line hybrids.

Identification and characterization of An-4, a potential quantitative trait locus for awn development in rice.

Background: Awn of rice is an important domestication trait closely associated with yield traits. Therefore, the identification of genes for awn development is of great significance for the elucidation of molecular mechanism of awn development and the genetic improvement of yield traits in rice.

Results: In this study, using chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from a long-awned Guangxi common wild rice (GXCWR, Oryza rufipogon Griff.

CRISPR/Cas9 Guided Mutagenesis of Confers Increased Rice ( L.) Grain Length by Regulating Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor and Ubiquitin-Related Proteins.

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas9)-mediated genome editing has become an important way for molecular breeding in crop plants. To promote rice breeding, we edited the () gene for obtaining valuable and stable long-grain rice mutants. Furthermore, isobaric tags for the relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic method were applied to determine the proteome-wide changes in the mutants compared with wild type (WT).

Programmed Editing of Rice ( L.) Gene Using CRISPR/Cas9 Improves Grain Yield by Modulating the Expression of Pyruvate Enzymes and Cell Cycle Proteins.

Rice ( L.) is one of the major crops in the world and significant increase in grain yield is constant demand for breeders to meet the needs of a rapidly growing population. The size of grains is one of major components determining rice yield and a vital trait for domestication and breeding.

RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase 6 Contributes to Double-Strand Break Formation in Meiosis.

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) is a core component of the small RNA biogenesis pathway, but its function in meiosis is unclear. Here, we report a new allele of ( []), which causes meiosis-specific phenotypes in rice (). In , meiotic double-strand break (DSB) formation is partially blocked.

Knockout of , a gene encoding proline-rich protein, confers enhanced cold sensitivity in rice ( L.) at the seedling stage.

Proline-rich proteins (PRPs) play multiple physiological and biochemical roles in plant growth and stress response. In this study, we reported that the knockout of induced cold sensitivity in rice. Mutant plants were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology to investigate the role of in cold stress and 26 mutant plants were obtained in T generation with the mutation rate of 85% including 15% bi-allelic, 53.

High-resolution mapping and breeding application of a novel brown planthopper resistance gene derived from wild rice (Oryza. rufipogon Griff).

Background: The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål; BPH), one of the most destructive pests of rice, has proven to be a substantial threat, conferring enormous production losses in Asia and becoming a difficult challenge to manipulate and control under field conditions. The continuous use of insecticides promotes the resurgence of BPH, which results in resistant varieties adapting through the upgrading of new BPH biotypes. To overcome resistance acquired by BPH against resistance varieties, different forms of novel resistant gene fusions act as functional domains for breeding to enhance insect resistance.

The rice pds1 locus genetically interacts with partner to cause panicle exsertion defects and ectopic tillers in spikelets.

Background: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food crop worldwide. Its yield and quality are affected by its tillering pattern and spikelet development.

HEIP1 regulates crossover formation during meiosis in rice.

During meiosis, the number of double-strand breaks (DSBs) far exceeds the final number of crossovers (COs). Therefore, to identify proteins involved in determining which of these DSBs repaired into COs is critical in understanding the mechanism of CO control. Across species, HEI10-related proteins play important roles in CO formation.

Nucleolar DEAD-Box RNA Helicase TOGR1 Regulates Thermotolerant Growth as a Pre-rRNA Chaperone in Rice.

Plants have evolved a considerable number of intrinsic tolerance strategies to acclimate to ambient temperature increase. However, their molecular mechanisms remain largely obscure. Here we report a DEAD-box RNA helicase, TOGR1 (Thermotolerant Growth Required1), prerequisite for rice growth themotolerance.

The role of OsMSH5 in crossover formation during rice meiosis.

MSH5, a meiosis-specific member of the MutS-homolog family, is required for normal level of recombination in budding yeast, mice, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Arabidopsis. Here, we report the identification and characterization of its rice homolog, OsMSH5, and demonstrate its function in rice meiosis. Five independent Osmsh5 mutants exhibited normal vegetative growth and severe sterility.

OsSGO1 maintains synaptonemal complex stabilization in addition to protecting centromeric cohesion during rice meiosis.

Shugoshin is a conserved protein in eukaryotes that protects the centromeric cohesin of sister chromatids from cleavage by separase during meiosis. In this study, we identify the rice (Oryza sativa, 2n=2x=24) homolog of ZmSGO1 in maize (Zea mays), named OsSGO1. During both mitosis and meiosis, OsSGO1 is recruited from nucleoli onto centromeres at the onset of prophase.

OsREC8 is essential for chromatid cohesion and metaphase I monopolar orientation in rice meiosis.

The successful transmission of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis relies on the establishment and subsequent release of cohesion between replicated chromatids. Cohesion is mediated by a four-subunit structural maintenance of chromosome complex, called cohesins. REC8 is a key component of this meiotic cohesion complex in most model organisms studied to date.

Rice OsGL1-1 is involved in leaf cuticular wax and cuticle membrane.

Cuticular wax forms a hydrophobic barrier on aerial plant organs; it plays an important role in protecting a plant from damage caused by many forms of environmental stress. In the present study, we characterized a rice leaf wax-deficient mutant osgl1-1 derived from a spontaneous mutation, which exhibited a wax-deficient and highly hydrophilic leaf phenotype. We cloned the OsGL1-1 gene by the map-based cloning method and performed a complementation test to confirm the function of the candidate gene.

PAIR3, an axis-associated protein, is essential for the recruitment of recombination elements onto meiotic chromosomes in rice.

During meiosis, the paired homologous chromosomes are tightly held together by the synaptonemal complex (SC). This complex consists of two parallel axial/lateral elements (AEs/LEs) and one central element. Here, we observed that PAIR3 localized to the chromosome core during prophase I and associated with both unsynapsed AEs and synapsed LEs.

Activation of gibberellin 2-oxidase 6 decreases active gibberellin levels and creates a dominant semi-dwarf phenotype in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Gibberellin (GA) 2-oxidase plays a key role in the GA catabolic pathway through 2beta-hydroxylation. In the present study, we isolated a CaMV 35S-enhancer activation tagged mutant, H032. This mutant exhibited a dominant dwarf and GA-deficient phenotype, with a final stature that was less than half of its wild-type counterpart.