Defects in perovskite films are one of the main factors that affect the efficiency and stability of halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Uncoordinated ions (such as Pb, I) act as trap states, causing the undesirable non-radiative recombination of photogenerated carriers. The formation of Lewis acid-base adducts in perovskite directly involves the crystallization process, which can effectively passivate defects.
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