Repeated Superovulation Accelerates Primordial Follicle Activation and Atresia.

For humans, ARTs (assisted reproductive technologies) have become the most effective method to treat subfertility/infertility in clinic. To obtain enough oocytes during ART, ovarian stimulation is performed by exogenous hormones, and some patients undergo several ovarian stimulation cycles. Although some adverse effects of ARTs on women and offspring are reported, few studies are focused on the effects of multiple superovulation on ovarian reserve.

The steroid hormone estriol (E) regulates epigenetic programming of fetal mouse brain and reproductive tract.

Background: Estriol (E) is a steroid hormone formed only during pregnancy in primates including humans. Although E is synthesized at large amounts through a complex pathway involving the fetus and placenta, it is not required for the maintenance of pregnancy and has classically been considered virtually inactive due to associated very weak canonical estrogen signaling. However, estrogen exposure during pregnancy may have an effect on organs both within and outside the reproductive system, and compounds with binding affinity for estrogen receptors weaker than E have been found to impact reproductive organs and the brain.

Variations in incidence and mortality rates of endometrial cancer at the global, regional, and national levels, 1990-2019.

Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is a commonly diagnosed cancer in women. A comprehensive knowledge of its epidemiological features is essential for understanding the disease burden and guiding prevention strategies.

Methods: We retrieved the incidence and mortality data of EC from the Global Burden of Disease database.

Abnormal expression of TLRs may play a role in lower embryo quality of women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Unlabelled: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) localize in mammalian ovary, including granulosa cells, cumulus cells, and theca cells. Previous studies demonstrated that TLRs may be important for the cumulus-oocyte complex expansion and fertilization. There is no evidence to indicate that the deletion of TLRs will induce infertility; however, the abnormal expression of TLRs may decrease oocyte quality and fertility rate.

[Outcomes of ICSI with sperm from different sources: a retrospective study of 431 cycles].

Objective: To compare the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with retrieved epididymal and testicular sperm for obstructive azoospermia and with ejaculated sperm for severe oligozoospermia and asthenospermia.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 431 ICSI cycles, which were divided according to sperm sources into Groups A (n=287 in patients with severe oligozoospermia or asthenospermia using ejaculated sperm), B (n=109 in obstructive azoospermia patients with sperm retrieved by percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration, PESA) and C (n=35 in obstructive azoospermia patients with sperm retrieved by testicular sperm extraction, TESE). Comparisons were made among the three groups in the rates of embryo implantation, fertilization, pregnancy, cleavage, and miscarriage.