20-Hydroxyecdysone Mediates Reproductive Diapause in via Ecdysone Receptor and Nuclear Hormone Receptor .

20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) signaling plays an important role in regulating insect growth, development, and reproduction. However, the effect of 20E on reproductive diapause and its regulatory mechanisms have not been fully understood. is a new pest in the Inner Mongolia grasslands, and it aestivates in an obligatory reproductive diapause form.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Pest (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larvae in Response to Six Main Metabolites from (Liliaceae).

Plants are important ecological factors and food resources, which can significantly affect the occurrence and distribution of insects. The metabolites in host plants can affect the feeding, spawning, and avoidance behaviors of herbivorous insects. (Joannis) is a phytophagous pest that has seriously occurred in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia in recent years, only infesting the leaves of plants.

MicroRNA miR-7-5p targets MARK2 to control metamorphosis in Galeruca daurica.

The MARK2 gene, coding microtubule affinity-regulating kinase or serine/threonine protein kinase, is an important modulator in organism microtubule generation and cell polarity. However, its role in the metamorphosis of insects remains unknown. In this study, we found a conserved miRNA, miR-7-5p, which targets MARK2 to participate in the regulation of the larval-pupal metamorphosis in Galeruca daurica.

MicroRNA miR-285 modulates the metamorphosis in Galeruca daurica by targeting Br-C.

Background: Galeruca daurica has become a new pest on the Inner Mongolia grasslands since an abrupt outbreak in 2009 caused serious damage. As a pupa indicator during insect metamorphosis, the early response gene of the ecdysone signaling pathway, Broad-Complex (Br-C), plays a vital role in the growth and development of insects. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which mediate various biological activities, but it is unknown whether and how Br-C is regulated by miRNAs.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Reveals Cold Tolerance Mechanisms.

(Joannis) is a pest species with serious outbreaks in the Inner Mongolian grasslands in recent years, and its larvae and eggs are extremely cold-tolerant. To gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism of its cold-tolerant stress response, we performed de novo transcriptome assembly of via RNA-Seq and compared the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of first- and second-instar larvae grown and developed indoors and outdoors, respectively. The results show that cold tolerance in is associated with changes in gene expression mainly involved in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway, the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway and the production of heat shock proteins (HSPs).

Detection of ryanodine receptor G4911E and I4754M mutation sites and analysis of binding modes of diamide insecticides with RyR on (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

In recent years, the leaf beetle has broken out in the northern grasslands of Inner Mongolia, its management still mainly depends on chemical control using traditional insecticides or with novel action. The study was aim to identify mutation locus associated with resistance to diamide insecticides in field population of , to provide a reference for rational selection of insecticides and to avoid the rapid resistance development to diamide insecticides. We cloned the full length of the ryanodine receptor gene of (), constructed 3D model and transmembrane regions by homologous modeling based on deduced amino acid sequence.

Expression Profiling and Functional Analysis of Candidate Odorant Receptors in .

(Joannis) is an oligophagous pest in the grasslands of Inner Mongolia, China, which feed mainly on spp. Odorant receptors (ORs) play an important role in the olfactory system in insects, and function together with olfactory co-receptor (ORco). In this study, 21 OR genes were identified from the transcriptome database of adults, and named and .

MicroRNA miR-2765-3p regulates reproductive diapause by targeting FoxO in Galeruca daurica.

The forkhead box O (FoxO), as a conserved transcription factor, plays an indispensable role in regulating insect diapause. However, how FoxO is regulated to control diapause in insects remains unknown. In this study, we discovered functional binding sites for miR-2765-3p in the 3' untranslated region of FoxO in Galeruca daurica.

Transcriptome-wide identification of microRNAs in response to 20-hydroxyecdysone in Galeruca daurica.

Both 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and miRNAs have multiple functions in the regulation of various physiological processes in insects. However, little is known about the interaction between 20E and miRNAs. In this study, six small RNA libraries were constructed from the adult Galeruca daurica treated with 20E and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), respectively.

MicroRNA let-7-5p targets the juvenile hormone primary response gene Krüppel homolog 1 and regulates reproductive diapause in Galeruca daurica.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate various biological processes in insects. However, their roles in the regulation of insect diapause remain unknown. In this study, we address the biological function of a conserved miRNA, let-7-5p in the regulation of a juvenile hormone primary response gene, Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1), which modulates reproductive diapause in Galeruca daurica.

Functional Characterization of Olfactory Proteins Involved in Chemoreception of .

Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs) play a fundamental role in insect olfaction. (Joannis) is a new pest with outbreak status in the Inner Mongolia grasslands, northern China. In this study, six olfactory protein genes (, , , , , and ) were cloned by RACE and expressed by constructing a prokaryotic expression system.

Laboratory Selection, Cross-Resistance, Risk Assessment to Lambda-Cyhalothrin Resistance, and Monitoring of Insecticide Resistance for Plant Bug Lygus pratensis (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Farming-Pastoral Ecotones of Northern China.

The plant bug Lygus pratensis Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an important insect pest of alfalfa in grassland farming in northern China. A field population of L. pratensis was selected in the laboratory for 14 consecutive generations with lambda-cyhalothrin to generate 42.

Identification and functional analysis of microRNAs in the regulation of summer diapause in Galeruca daurica.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Although the regulatory roles of miRNAs in various physiological processes throughout insect development have been investigated, it is almost unknown about the roles of miRNAs involved in regulation of diapause in insects. We constructed nine small RNA libraries from Galeruca daurica adults at different diapause stages: pre-diapause (PD), diapause (D), and post-diapause (TD).

Transcriptomic Analysis of Mating Responses in MED Females.

Mating triggers substantial changes in gene expression and leads to subsequent physiological and behavioral modifications. However, postmating transcriptomic changes responding to mating have not yet been fully understood. Here, we carried out RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analysis in the sweet potato whitefly, MED, to identify genes in females in response to mating.

Three Chemosensory Proteins Involved in Chemoreception of Oedaleus asiaticus (Orthopera: Acridoidea).

Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are thought to play roles in the insect olfactory system by binding and carrying hydrophobic odorants across the aqueous sensillar lymph. The band-winged grasshopper, Oedaleus asiaticus Bei-Bienko, is one of the most important grasshopper pests in northern China, but there is little information about its olfactory system. In order to investigate the olfactory functions of CSPs in this pest, three CSP genes (OasiCSP4, OasiCSP11 and OasiCSP12) were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the binding affinities of the three recombinant CSP proteins were measured for 16 volatiles from the host plant (Stipa krylovii), fecal material and body of live adult O.

Comparative Analysis of Transcriptome Responses to Cold Stress in Galeruca daurica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

Galeruca daurica (Joannis) has become a new insect pest in the Inner Mongolia grasslands since 2009, and its larvae and eggs have strong cold tolerance. To get a deeper insight into its molecular mechanisms of cold stress responses, we performed de novo transcriptome assembly for G. daurica by RNA-Seq and compared the transcriptomes of its larvae exposed to five different temperature treatments (-10, -5, 0, 5, and 25°C for 1 h and then recovered at 25°C for 1 h), respectively.

Quercetin Affects the Growth and Development of the Grasshopper Oedaleus asiaticus (Orthoptera: Acrididae).

Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that help plants resist insect attack, but pest insects have evolved enzymes that reduce the toxicity of these secondary metabolites. We studied the response of the grasshopper Oedaleus asiaticus Bey-Bienko fed different concentrations of quercetin, a representative flavonoid. Oedaleus asiaticus growth (survival rate and growth rate) was significantly reduced at high quercetin concentrations.

Identification and expression profiling of candidate chemosensory membrane proteins in the band-winged grasshopper, Oedaleus asiaticus.

The band-winged grasshopper Oedaleus asiaticus (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) is an important insect pest in north China. Chemosensory membrane proteins are believed to be crucial factors in direct interactions with odorants in the chemosensory process. However, there is much limited information on the chemosensory system in this pest.

A whole-body transcriptome analysis and expression profiling of odorant binding protein genes in Oedaleus infernalis.

To investigate the olfactory mechanisms in Oedaleus infernalis, one of important pests of cereals and pasture in the northern China, the whole-body transcriptome was constructed by RNA-Seq in this study. By de novo assembly, a total of 92,476 unigenes were generated in the adult sample, and 32,693 unigenes (35.35%) were successfully annotated by Blastx.

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Plant Bug Lygus pratensis Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae).

Lygus pratensis is a phytophagous pest responsible for yield losses in Bt alfalfa and other economic crops in Northwestern China. To better characterize Miridae at the genomic level, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of L. pratensis was sequenced and analyzed in this study.

Effects of Temperature on the Termination of Egg Diapause and Post-Diapause Embryonic Development of Galeruca daurica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

Galeruca daurica (Joannis) is a new pest on the grasslands of Inner Mongolia, China. It is univoltine and overwinters in the egg stage. Larvae and adults feed on the foliage of Allium plants.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Galeruca daurica (Joannis) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

Galeruca daurica (Joannis) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is one of important pests in the Inner Mongolia grasslands. The complete mitochondrial genome was sequenced. The genome is 16 615 bp long, with an AT content of 78.

Novel odorant-binding proteins and their expression patterns in grasshopper, Oedaleus asiaticus.

Insects use olfaction to detect exogenous odors and adapt to environments. In their olfaction systems, odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are believed to be a key component. The unique OBP system of each species reflects the evolution of chemosensation of insects with habits.