Bacillus subtilis MZ-01 alleviates diarrhea caused by ETEC K88 by reducing inflammation and promoting intestinal health.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis supplementation on the health of weaned piglets and whether Bacillus subtilis supplementation can reduce the damage of piglets induced by ETEC K88.

Methods And Results: The experiment was designed with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, comprising the control (CON) group, Bacillus subtilis (PRO) group, Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC) group, and Bacillus subtilis + ETEC (PRO + ETEC) group. Regardless of the presence of ETEC, the addition of PRO increased the piglets' final body weight (FW), average daily gain (ADG), and daily feed intake (ADFI).

Glyphosate-Based Herbicide Stress During Pregnancy Impairs Intestinal Development in Newborn Piglets by Modifying DNA Methylation.

Glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH), a feed contaminant, has been proven to impair the growth and development of humans and animals. Previous research has revealed that maternal toxin exposure during pregnancy could cause permanent fetal changes by epigenetic modulation. However, there was insufficient evidence of the involvement of DNA methylation in maternal GBH exposure-induced intestinal health of offspring.

Konjac glucomannan and κ-carrageenan improve hepatic fatty acid metabolism and colonic microbiota in suckling piglet.

Konjac glucomannan (KGM) and κ-carrageenan are polysaccharides that have garnered attention for their potential health benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the maternal supplementation of KGM and κ-carrageenan (SF) during later gestation and lactation on the effect of hepatic lipid metabolism and colonic microflora in offspring. Regarding antioxidant and inflammatory factors in the suckling piglet liver, our results showed that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and interleukin (IL)-10 levels were significantly increased in the SF group (P < 0.

Maternal supplementation with konjac glucomannan and κ-carrageenan promotes sow performance and benefits the gut barrier in offspring.

This research aims to investigate the effects of dietary konjac glucomannan and κ-carrageenan (SF) on sow performance and suckling piglet gut barrier. Thirty-four sows in late gestation (parity 2-5) were selected at random and grouped into two treatments. The control group (Con group;  = 17) was fed the basal diet; the SF group was fed the same diet supplemented with 0.

Isobutyrate exerts a protective effect against liver injury in a DSS-induced colitis by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress.

Background: Short-chain fatty acids have been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions; whether isobutyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, is protective against liver injury in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and its molecular mechanism is unknown. In this study, DSS was used to induce a liver injury from a colitis model in piglets, which was expected to prevent and alleviate DSS-induced liver injury by feeding sodium isobutyrate in advance.

Results: The results showed that sodium isobutyrate could restore DSS-induced histopathological changes in the liver, inhibit the activation of the toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation primary response 88/nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway, and then reduce the DSS-induced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 6, reducing inflammatory response.

Protective effect of the branched short-chain fatty acid isobutyrate on intestinal damage in weaned piglets through intestinal microbiota remodeling.

Background: Postweaning intestinal damage in piglets is a challenging issue in the livestock industry. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are important metabolic products of the gut microbiota and are widely recognized for their role in maintaining normal colonic function and regulating the intestinal immune system. However, the effects of branched short-chain fatty acid (BSCFA) isobutyrate on intestinal health remain largely unknown.

Dietary supplementation with pterostilbene activates the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling pathway to alleviate progressive oxidative stress and promote placental nutrient transport.

Background: Progressive oxidative stress easily occurs as a result of a gradual increase in the intensity of maternal metabolism due to rapid foetal development and increased intensity of lactation. However, studies on the effects of processive oxidative stress on nutrient transport in the placenta have received little attention. The present study was conducted on sows at 85 days of gestation to study the effects of pterostilbene (PTE) on maternal oxidative stress status and placental nutrient transport.

Branched Short-Chain Fatty Acid-Rich Fermented Protein Food Improves the Growth and Intestinal Health by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Young Pigs.

The diet in early life is essential for the growth and intestinal health later in life. However, beneficial effects of a diet enriched in branched short-chain fatty acids (BSCFAs) for infants are ambiguous. This study aimed to develop a novel fermented protein food, enriched with BSCFAs and assess the effects of dry and wet ferment products on young pig development, nutrient absorption, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota and metabolites.

Chronic cold stress promotes inflammation and ER stress via inhibiting GLP-1R signaling, and exacerbates the risk of ferroptosis in the liver and pancreas.

The cold climates in autumn and winter threatens human health. The aim of this study was to reveal the effects of prolonged cold exposure on the liver and pancreas based on GLP-1R signaling, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ferroptosis by Yorkshire pig models. Yorkshire pigs were divided into the control group and chronic cold stress (CCS) group.

Targeted Screening from Highly Colitis-Resistant Pigs Can Alleviate Ulcerative Colitis in Mice.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is often accompanied by intestinal inflammation and disruption of intestinal epithelial structures, which are closely associated with changes in the intestinal microbiota. We previously revealed that Min pigs, a native Chinese breed, are more resistant to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis than commercial Yorkshire pigs. Characterizing the microbiota in Min pigs would allow identification of the core microbes that confer colitis resistance.

Improves the Immune Status and Intestinal Health of Weaned Piglets by Improving Their Intestinal Microbiota.

Previous studies on the early interference of gut microbiota by () in weaned piglets are rarely reported, and the present trial is a preliminary study. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation on the growth performance, serum biochemistry, immune response, fecal short-chain fatty acids and microbiota of weaned piglets. Sixty weaned piglets were randomly divided into a control group (CON) and a group (BS), which were fed a basal diet and the basal diet supplemented with 5 × 10 CFU per kg, respectively.

Dietary fat supplementation relieves cold temperature-induced energy stress through AMPK-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis in pigs.

Background: Cold stress has negative effects on the growth and health of mammals, and has become a factor restricting livestock development at high latitudes and on plateaus. The gut-liver axis is central to energy metabolism, and the mechanisms by which it regulates host energy metabolism at cold temperatures have rarely been illustrated. In this study, we evaluated the status of glycolipid metabolism and oxidative stress in pigs based on the gut-liver axis and propose that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key target for alleviating energy stress at cold temperatures by dietary fat supplementation.

Dietary Resveratrol Ameliorates Hepatic Fatty Acid Metabolism and Jejunal Barrier in Offspring Induced by Maternal Oxidized Soybean Oil Challenge.

Increasing evidence indicates that maternal exposure to oxidized soybean oil (OSO) causes damage to the mother and offspring. The antioxidant resveratrol (Res) has a variety of health benefits. However, the protective effect of Res on mitigating offspring damage after maternal exposure to OSO and its mechanism remains unclear.

Supplementation with Complex Dietary Fiber during Late Pregnancy and Lactation Can Improve Progeny Growth Performance by Regulating Maternal Antioxidant Status and Milk Quality.

This study investigated the nutritional benefits of complex dietary fiber (beta-glucan and fructo-oligosaccharides, CDF) supplementation in sows and piglets during late pregnancy and lactation. Twenty-four sows were randomly divided into two groups: the control group was fed a basal diet ( = 12), and the experimental group was fed a CDF diet (0.25% CDF replaced the same proportion of corn in the basal diet, = 12).

Maternal supplementation with konjac glucomannan improves maternal microbiota for healthier offspring during lactation.

Background: The maternal diet during gestation and lactation affects the health of the offspring. Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a significantly functional polysaccharide in food research, possessing both antioxidant and prebiotic properties. However, the mechanisms of how KGM regulates maternal nutrition remain insufficient and limited.

Dietary-fat supplementation alleviates cold temperature-induced metabolic dysbiosis and barrier impairment by remodeling gut microbiota.

As important components of the mammalian diet and tissues, fats are involved in a variety of biological processes in addition to providing energy. In general, the increase in basal metabolism and health risks under cold temperature conditions causes the host to need more energy to maintain body temperature and normal biological processes. The intestine and its microbiota are key components in orchestrating host metabolic homeostasis and immunity, and respond rapidly to changing environmental conditions.

Non-12α-Hydroxylated Bile Acids Improve Piglet Growth Performance by Improving Intestinal Flora, Promoting Intestinal Development and Bile Acid Synthesis.

As an emulsifier and bioactive substance, bile acids (BAs) participate in the absorption of nutrients and in various physiological processes. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of non-12α-hydroxylated BAs (including hyocholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, from now on referred to as NBAs) on growth performance, BAs metabolism and the intestinal flora of piglets. The experiment included four groups, with eight piglets per group.

Oxidized Soybean Oil Evoked Hepatic Fatty Acid Metabolism Disturbance in Rats and their Offspring.

The oxidation of fats and oils is an undisputed subject of science, given the effect of oxidized fats and oils on food quality and safety. This study aimed to determine whether maternal exposure to oxidized soybean oil (OSO) causes lipid metabolism disorders in the liver and whether this lipid metabolism disorder can be transmitted to offspring or even worsened. A total of 60 female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided randomly into four groups in this study.

Characteristics of glucose and lipid metabolism and the interaction between gut microbiota and colonic mucosal immunity in pigs during cold exposure.

Background: Cold regions have long autumn and winter seasons and low ambient temperatures. When pigs are unable to adjust to the cold, oxidative damage and inflammation may develop. However, the differences between cold and non-cold adaptation regarding glucose and lipid metabolism, gut microbiota and colonic mucosal immunological features in pigs are unknown.

Purification and identification of xanthine oxidase inhibitory peptides from enzymatic hydrolysate of α-lactalbumin and bovine colostrum casein.

The development of food-derived Xanthine Oxidase (XO) inhibitors is critical to the treatment of hyperuricemia and oxidative stress-related disease. Few studies report on milk protein hydrolysates' XO inhibitory activity, with the mechanism of their interaction remaining elusive. Here, different commercial enzymes were used to hydrolyze α-lactalbumin and bovine colostrum casein.

Low-fat ice cream model system: impact of incorporation of alcalase hydrolyzed zein.

Research on fat substitutes with low calories and good flavor is important to reduce the fat content in food. In this paper, the selection of fat substitutes and the preparation of low-fat ice cream were carried out through looking at the emulsion properties of the enzymatic hydrolysis of zein. The results showed that the emulsifying activity of zein after enzymatic hydrolysis for 10 min was 66.

Resveratrol alleviates oxidative stress induced by oxidized soybean oil and improves gut function via changing gut microbiota in weaned piglets.

Background: Oxidized soybean oil (OSO) has been shown to impair growth and exacerbate inflammation, leading to intestinal barrier injury in animals. Recent evidence suggests important roles for resveratrol (RES) in the promoting growth performance, antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory, and regulate intestinal barriers in animals. Therefore, The objectives of this study are to investigate the effects of dietary RES (purity 98%) supplementation on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, inflammatory state, and intestinal function of weaned piglets challenged with OSO.

Glucose supplementation improves intestinal amino acid transport and muscle amino acid pool in pigs during chronic cold exposure.

Mammals in northern regions chronically suffer from low temperatures during autumn-winter seasons. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of intestinal amino acid transport and the amino acid pool in muscle to chronic cold exposure via Min pig models (cold adaptation) and Yorkshire pig models (non-cold adaptation). Furthermore, this study explored the beneficial effects of glucose supplementation on small intestinal amino acid transport and amino acid pool in muscle of cold-exposed Yorkshire pigs.