Clinical and pathological risk factors for postencephalitic epilepsy after herpes simplex virus-1 encephalitis in children.

The high rate of postencephalitic epilepsy (PE) contributes to the unfavorable clinical outcome of herpes simplex virus-1 encephalitis (HSE). We aimed to identify the risk factors and explore possible mechanisms of PE in childhood following HSE. We conducted a retrospective review of children diagnosed with HSE and patients were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of PE.

Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome: an etiologic study of 361 patients with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome.

Introduction: Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome (IESS) typically has a profound impact on the neurodevelopment of patients. The study on IESS indicates possible geographical variation in etiology and a lack of data from China. Our study intends to summarize the etiology of IESS and analyze its characteristics.

Long-Term Outcomes of Stenting for Pulsatile Tinnitus Caused by Cerebral Venous Sinus Stenosis.

Objective: To investigate the long-term outcomes of stenting for isolated pulsatile tinnitus (PT) caused by cerebral venous sinus stenosis.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children with epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and risk factors.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with epilepsy (CWE).

Methods: We conducted a systematic search in PubMed and Embase for the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of ADHD was calculated using a random-effects model; subgroup analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity.

Analysis of factors influencing the efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in children and prediction model for efficacy evaluation.

Objective: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been widely used in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) in children. We aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of VNS, focusing on factors that can influence the efficacy of VNS, and construct a prediction model for the efficacy of VNS in the treatment of DRE children.

Methods: Retrospectively analyzed 45 DRE children who underwent VNS at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from June 2016 to November 2022.

Neuroprotective effects of quinpirole on lithium chloride pilocarpine-induced epilepsy in rats and its underlying mechanisms.

Introduction: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that presents with challenging mechanisms and treatment strategies. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of quinpirole on lithium chloride pilocarpine-induced epileptic rats and explored its potential mechanisms.

Methods: Lithium chloride pilocarpine was used to induce an epileptic model in rats, and the effects of quinpirole on seizure symptoms and cognitive function were evaluated.

Atypical absence seizures and gene variants: A gene-based review of etiology, electro-clinical features, and associated epilepsy syndrome.

Atypical absence seizures are generalized non-convulsive seizures that often occur in children with cognitive impairment. They are common in refractory epilepsy and have been recognized as one of the hallmarks of developmental epileptic encephalopathies. Notably, pathogenic variants associated with AAS, such as GABRG2, GABRG3, SLC6A1, CACNB4, SCN8A, and SYNGAP1, are also linked to developmental epileptic encephalopathies.

Risk factors of recurrence after drug withdrawal in children with epilepsy.

This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for recurrence in pediatric patients with epilepsy following normal antiseizure medication (ASM) treatment and drug withdrawal. We retrospectively analyzed 80 pediatric patients who received treatment at the Qilu Hospital of Shandong University between January 2009 and December 2019 after at least 2 years of seizure-free and normal electroencephalography (EEG) before the regular drug reduction. Patients were followed-up for at least 2 years and divided into the recurrence and nonrecurrence groups based on whether relapse occurred.

Anti-LGI1 encephalitis with initiating symptom of seizures in children.

Background: Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis is infrequently reported but more and more recognizable in children. Here we give detailed description of the clinical features and long-term outcome of three cases of childhood onset anti-LGI1 encephalitis.

Methods: Three anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients were hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University.

The ketogenic diet for Dravet syndrome: A multicenter retrospective study.

Objective: The ketogenic diet (KD) is one of the main treatments for drug-resistant epilepsy. However, there have been few multicenter reports on the use of the KD for the treatment of Dravet syndrome (DS). The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy and safety of this approach based on a large number of multicenter cases.

Safety and Tolerability of COVID-19 Vaccine in Children With Epilepsy: A Prospective, Multicenter Study.

Background: We designed this study to investigate the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine on epileptic seizures, as well as its adverse effects, in children with epilepsy (<18 years).

Methods: This anonymous questionnaire study involved a multicenter prospective survey of outpatients and inpatients with epilepsy (＜18 years) registered in epilepsy clinics in eight hospitals in six cities of Shandong Province.

Results: A total of 224 children with epilepsy were included in the study.

Effect of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines on seizure frequency in patients with epilepsy: A multicenter, prospective study.

Objectives: Several COVID-19 vaccines list "uncontrolled epilepsy" as a contraindication for vaccination. This consequently restricts vaccination against COVID-19 in patients with epilepsy (PWE). However, there is no strong evidence that COVID-19 vaccination can exacerbate conditions in PWE.

Dravet syndrome: Advances in etiology, clinical presentation, and treatment.

Dravet syndrome (DS) is a form of genetic refractory epilepsy. More than 80 % of DS patients carry pathogenic SCN1A mutations, and this percentage is actually higher due to false-negative results in gene testing. Potential genotype-phenotype correlations may exist but require further confirmation.

The value of immunotherapy in children with initial short-term frequent seizures.

This study aimed to discuss clinical characteristics, therapy, and antibody prevalence in epilepsy (APE) score for short-term, frequent epileptic seizures in children who are autoimmune-antibody negative and respond well to immunotherapy. The clinical characteristics, imaging manifestations, electrophysiology, and effective treatment plan of 9 children who met the above criteria were retrospectively analyzed in the Pediatric Neurology Department of Qilu Hospital at Shandong University from June 2019 to December 2021. All 9 patients (6 boys, 3 girls; aged 13 months-11 years and 5 months, median 3.

The second-tier status of fragile X syndrome testing for unexplained intellectual disability/global developmental delay in the era of next-generation sequencing.

Objective: Although many unexplained intellectual disability/global developmental delay (ID/GDD) individuals have benefited from the excellent detection yield of copy number variations and next-generation sequencing testing, many individuals still who suffer from ID/GDD of unexplained etiology. In this study, we investigated the applicability of fragile X syndrome (FXS) testing in unexplained ID/GDD individuals with negative or absent genetic testing.

Methods: In this study, we used the triplet repeat primed polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the value and application of fragile X testing in unexplained ID/GDD individuals with negative or absent genetic testing ( = 681) from three hospitals.

Ketogenic Diet Therapy for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy and Cognitive Impairment in Children With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.

Objective: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare disease with a high risk of epilepsy and cognitive impairment in children. Ketogenic diet (KD) therapy has been consistently reported to be beneficial to TSC patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of KD in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy and cognitive impairment in children with TSC.

Nuclear translocation of GluA2/ GAPDH promotes neurotoxicity after pilocarpine-induced epilepsy.

Recent studies have identified that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) exerts multiple functions besides its role in energy metabolism. It can form a protein complex with GluA2 subunit of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs), translocate into nucleus and confer neurotoxicity in a cerebral ischemia model. We postulate that GAPDH may also induce neurotoxicity by forming a coupling with GluA2 in pilocarpine-induced epileptic model, and disruption of the GluA2/GAPDH coupling can protect against neuronal injury.

Social Deficits and Cerebellar Degeneration in Purkinje Cell Knockout Mice.

Mutations in the gene encoding the voltage-gated sodium channel α-subunit Nav1. 6 have been reported in individuals with epilepsy, intellectual disability and features of autism spectrum disorder. is widely expressed in the central nervous system, including the cerebellum.

Impairment of Cardiac Autonomic Nerve Function in Pre-school Children With Intractable Epilepsy.

Intractable epilepsy and uncontrolled seizures could affect cardiac function and the autonomic nerve system with a negative impact on children's growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the variability and complexity of cardiac autonomic function in pre-school children with pediatric intractable epilepsy (PIE). Twenty four-hour Holter electrocardiograms (ECGs) from 93 patients and 46 healthy control subjects aged 3-6 years were analyzed by the methods of traditional heart rate variability (HRV), multiscale entropy (MSE), and Kurths-Wessel symbolization entropy (KWSE).

De novo frameshift variants of HNRNPU in patients with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy: Two case reports and literature review.

Variants in HNRNPU have been reported in patients with epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile 54 (OMIM 602,869). We hereby describe two children from different families with autosomal dominance early-onset epileptic encephalopathy and summarize the genotype and phenotype of reported individuals. Whole-exome sequencing analysis was applied to the patients.

Efficacy of the ketogenic diet on ACTH- or corticosteroid-resistant infantile spasm: a multicentre prospective control study.

To determine the efficacy of ketogenic diet (KD) therapy on adrenocorticotropic hormone- (ACTH) or corticosteroid-resistant infantile spasm (IS), and identify relevant associated factors. A prospective controlled study was undertaken at 10 tertiary children's medical centres in mainland China. Participants were non-randomly assigned to KD therapy or control (adjustment of antiepileptic drugs).

A novel Xp11.22-22.33 deletion suggesting a possible mechanism of congenital cervical spinal muscular atrophy.

Background: Congenital cervical spinal muscular atrophy (CCSMA) is a rare, nonprogressive, neurogenic disorder characterized by symmetric arthrogryposis and motor deficits mainly confined to upper extremities. Since its first proposal by Darwish et al. 39 years ago, only few cases have ever been reported.