Lack of signal peptide in insect prophenoloxidase to avoid glycosylation to damage the zymogen activity.

Insect prophenoloxidases (PPOs) are important immunity proteins for defending against the invading pathogens and parasites. As a Type-Ⅲ copper-containing proteins, unlike Homo sapiens tyrosinases, the insect PPOs and most bacterial tyrosinases contain no signal peptides for unknown reason, however they can still be released. To this end, we fused different signal peptides to Drosophila melanogaster PPOs for in vitro and in vivo expression, respectively.

Health Risk Assessment of Antibiotic Pollutants in Large Yellow Croakers from Zhejiang Aquaculture Sites.

Intensive aquaculture combatting the decline of large yellow croaker populations can trigger bacterial outbreaks, resulting in extensive antibiotic use. In this study, we screened 5 aquaculture sites in the coastal areas of Zhejiang and identified 17 antibiotics in large yellow croakers using UPLC-MS/MS. The distribution and occurrence of antibiotic pollutants were different in the different tissues of large yellow croakers, being primarily dominated by quinolones.

Catalase-like pleated niobium carbide MXene loaded with polythiophene for oxygenated sonodynamic therapy in solid tumor.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), an emerging treatment for solid tumors, has the advantages of deep tissue penetration, non-invasiveness, low side effects, and negligible drug resistance. However, the hypoxic environment of deep solid tumors can discount the efficacy of oxygenated dependent SDT. Here, we synthesized a polythiophene-based sonosensitizer (PT2) and a two-dimensional pleated niobium carbide (Nb2C) Mxene.

The influence of first desaturase subfamily genes on fatty acid synthesis, desiccation tolerance and inter-caste nutrient transfer in the termite Coptotermes formosanus.

Desaturase enzymes play an essential role in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). In this study, we identified seven "first desaturase" subfamily genes (Cfor-desatA1, Cfor-desatA2-a, Cfor-desatA2-b, Cfor-desatB-a, Cfor-desatB-b, Cfor-desatD and Cfor-desatE) from the Formosan subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus. These desaturases were highly expressed in the cuticle and fat body of C.

An Acyl Carrier Protein Gene Affects Fatty Acid Synthesis and Growth of .

Acyl carrier protein () is an acyl carrier in fatty acid synthesis and is an important cofactor of fatty acid synthetase. Little is known about ACP in insects and how this protein may modulate the composition and storage of fatty acids. We used an RNAi-assisted strategy to study the potential function of ACP in (Diptera: Stratiomyidae).

Identifying surface water and groundwater interactions using multiple experimental methods in the riparian zone of the polluted and disturbed Shaying River, China.

Identifying groundwater (GW)-surface water (SW) interactions in riparian zones is important for assessing the transport pathways of pollutants and all potential biochemical processes, particularly in rivers with artificially controlled water levels. In this study, we constructed two monitoring transects along the nitrogen-polluted Shaying River, China. The GW-SW interactions were qualitatively and quantitatively characterized through an intensive 2-y monitoring program.

Aggregation-Enhanced Photophysical Performance of D-π-A Structured Hemicyanine for NIR-II Fluorescent and Photoacoustic Imaging-Guided Photothermal Therapy.

Near-infrared (NIR)-II fluorescence and photoacoustic (PA) dual-model imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) can precisely diagnose and treat tumors and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy in real-time. Herein, we utilized a donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) structured hemicyanine dye (named M1) with a large conjugated structure and strong intramolecular charge transfer effect and demonstrated that the aggregation of M1 could significantly enhance its photophysical performance by improving its photostability and photothermal conversion capability as compared with M1 in a single molecular state. Furthermore, we prepared water-dispersible NIR-II fluorescent nanoparticles (M1 NPs) by wrapping M1 with DSPE-PEG2000-NH.

A water-soluble thiophene-croconaine dye with a high molar extinction coefficient for NIR fluorescence imaging-guided synergistic photothermal/photodynamic therapy of cancer.

Phototherapeutic agents with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence, strong reactive oxygen species generation and photothermal conversion capabilities are highly desirable for use in cancer therapy. Herein, a water-soluble NIR croconaine dye (TCR) with a thiophene-croconaine rigid core and two symmetric alkyl chains was designed and synthesized. TCR exhibits intense NIR absorption and fluorescence that peaked at 780 and 815 nm, respectively, with a high molar extinction coefficient of 1.

Toxicity, Behavioral Effects, and Chitin Structural Chemistry of Exposed to EO and Its Major Constituent Citral.

Botanical pesticides are considered the most promising alternative to synthetic pesticides, considering their less negative impacts on the environment and human health. Here, we analyzed the components of lemongrass essential oil (EO) and evaluated its vapor activity against , in terms of the walking and gripping abilities of workers. In addition, the effects of lemongrass EO and its major component on the cuticular content and structure of chitin in termites were also observed.

Boron Dipyrromethene-Based Phototheranostics for Near Infrared Fluorescent and Photoacoustic Imaging-Guided Synchronous Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy of Cancer.

The regulation of photochemical properties of phototheranostics, especially the absorption, fluorescence, singlet oxygen (O) generation, and photothermal conversion efficiency, is a hot research topic. Here, we designed and synthesized four boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives with high absorption coefficients and intense fluorescence in the near-infrared (NIR) region. The substituted electron-donating group significantly improved O generation and fluorescence of BODIPYs, whereas the electron-withdrawing group boosts photothermal conversion.

Tumor microenvironment-responsive S-NSs-TPZ-ICG intelligent nanoplatforms for synergistically enhanced tumor multimodal therapy.

Nanosheet carriers loaded with drugs and phototherapeutics are used for effective cancer therapy, but the process remains challenging. Here, we prepared sulfur nanosheets (S-NSs) and then loaded tirapazamine (TPZ) and indocyanine green (ICG) with a loading efficiency of 6.3% and 94%, respectively.

Synergistic recovery and enhancement of gelling properties of oxidatively damaged myofibrillar protein by -lysine and transglutaminase.

The influence of combined Lysine (Lys) and transglutaminase (TG) on the conformation and gelling properties of oxidatively damaged myofibrillar protein (MP) was investigated. The addition of Lys (5 mM) significantly increased the α-helix content (by 47.8%) and decreased the particle size of oxidatively damaged MP, and improved the cooking yield (by 16.

The complete mitochondrial genome of (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae).

The mitochondrial genome of the is 15,913 bp in length and encodes 37 genes including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA), and a non-coding control region (D-loop). The percentage of A/T (65.59%) is much higher than that of C/G (34.

Reproductive Potential and Nutritional Composition of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Prepupae Reared on Different Organic Wastes.

Hermetia illucens L. (the black soldier fly) has received increased attention because of its great potential in converting organic waste into a renewable resource. The prepupae have high proportions of proteins and fats and can serve as feedstuff for livestock and as feedstock for biodiesel production.

and Modulate Susceptibility to Desiccation and Insecticide Penetration Through Affecting Cuticular Hydrocarbon Biosynthesis in (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).

The functions of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are varied in insects, but one example is to reduce water loss. Previous work has suggested that biosynthesis of CHCs is strongly related to the CYP4G sub-family. Targeting these genes in the brown planthopper, Stål, might be a new application for integrated pest management.

Prognostic analysis of different morphology of the necrotic-viable interface in osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the collapse progression in different morphologies of the necrotic-viable interface in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).

Methods: A total of 168 patients (202 hips) with Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) stage II ONFH were included. Ending with the collapse of the femoral head, all patients received conservative treatment but without surgical intervention and were followed for three to 91 months.

Preliminary Characterization of MEDLE-2, a Protein Potentially Involved in the Invasion of .

spp. are important causes of diarrhea in humans, ruminants, and other mammals. Comparative genomic analysis indicated that genetically related and host-adapted species have different numbers of subtelomeric genes encoding the -specific MEDLE family of secreted proteins, which could contribute to differences in host specificity.

[Elderly chronic lymphocytic leukemia combined with invasive aspergillosis infection in one case].

Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the morphological, immunophenotype, cytogenetic characteristics, clinical and therapy features in one elderly patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) combined with invasive aspergillose infection(IAI).

Methods: The morphological features of bone marrow cells from patient were observed by light microscope, the immunophenotype were detected by flow cytometry, the cytogenetic characteristics were assayed by conventional chromosomal analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

Results: at onset of disease, the patient was diagnosed as B-CLL, Rai stage is II.

Genomes of the rice pest brown planthopper and its endosymbionts reveal complex complementary contributions for host adaptation.

Background: The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, the most destructive pest of rice, is a typical monophagous herbivore that feeds exclusively on rice sap, which migrates over long distances. Outbreaks of it have re-occurred approximately every three years in Asia. It has also been used as a model system for ecological studies and for developing effective pest management.

[Analysis for clinicopathological features, therapy and prognosis of 30 elderly patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

The purpose of this study was to explore the clinicopathological features, therapy and prognostic factors of elderly patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The clinical data including general clinical characteristics, pathological features, chemotherapy selection and treatment response of 30 patients with NHL in our hospital from January 2003 to December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. The survival was analyzed by using Kaplan-Meier methods, and the prognosis was evaluated by COX regression multivariate analysis model.

Transcriptome analysis of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens.

Background: The brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) is one of the most serious insect pests of rice in Asia. However, little is known about the mechanisms responsible for the development, wing dimorphism and sex difference in this species. Genomic information for BPH is currently unavailable, and, therefore, transcriptome and expression profiling data for this species are needed as an important resource to better understand the biological mechanisms of BPH.

Molecular characterization and inhibition analysis of the acetylcholinesterase gene from the silkworm maggot, Exorista sorbillans.

Several organophosphorus (OP) insecticides can selectively kill the silkworm maggot, Exorista sorbillans (Es) (Diptera: Tachinidae), while not obviously affecting the host (Bombyx mori) larvae, but the mechanism is not yet clear. In this study, the cDNA encoding an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from the field Es was isolated. One point mutation (Gly353Ala) was identified.

Triazophos up-regulated gene expression in the female brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.

The widespread use of insecticides has caused the resurgence of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, in Asia. In this study, we investigated an organo-phosphorous insecticide, triazophos, and its ability to induce gene expression variation in female N. lugens nymphs just before emergence.