Defluoroalkylation of -Difluoroalkenes with Alcohols via C-F/C-H Coupling.

A feasible and effective method to synthesize α-fluoroalkenyl alcohols was reported. With the cooperation of photoredox and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) processes, defluoroalkylations of -difluoroalkenes occurred smoothly with alcohols under visible-light irradiation. Notably, the protocols feature broad scopes, mild conditions, and validity for the late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecule derivatives.

Outcome of Nerve Grafting for Radiation-Induced Brachial Plexopathy.

Background: There is no consensus on the optimal treatment for radiation-induced brachial plexopathy (RIBP).

Objective: To present our experience of using nerve resection and autografting as a treatment strategy for this challenging condition.

Methods: From September 2014 to January 2020, 8 patients with RIBP were treated with segmental nerve resection and autografting, with or without other supplementary procedures.

Correlation of immunoglobulin G expression and histological subtype and stage in breast cancer.

Introduction: Recently, growing evidence indicates that immunoglobulins (Igs) are not only produced by mature B lymphocytes or plasma cells, but also by various normal cells types at immune privileged sites and neoplasm, including breast cancer. However, the association of breast cancer derived IgG with genesis and development of the disease has not yet been established.

Methods: In this study we examined the expression of IgG in 186 breast cancers, 20 benign breast lesions and 30 normal breast tissues.

Immunoglobulin G is present in a wide variety of soft tissue tumors and correlates well with proliferation markers and tumor grades.

Background: The traditional view that immunoglobulin (Ig) is produced only by B lymphocytes has been challenged, because it has been demonstrated that Ig genes and proteins are expressed in epithelial cancer cells. However, whether Ig expression in nonlymphoid cells is limited to epithelial cells is unclear. Because sarcomas differ distinctly from carcinomas in their biologic and clinical features, the authors investigated the question of nonlymphoid IgG expression in soft tissue lesions.