First-line lorlatinib versus crizotinib in Asian patients with advanced ALK-positive NSCLC: 5-year outcomes from the CROWN study.

Introduction: Lorlatinib, a third-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor, showed significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) than crizotinib in the phase 3 CROWN trial (NCT03052608) in patients with previously untreated advanced ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Efficacy was similar in the Asian subgroup. We present an updated subgroup analysis in Asian patients after 5 years of follow-up.

Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of TY-9591 (Deuterated Osimertinib Derivative) in Advanced EGFR-mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase 1 Dose-Escalation and Dose-Expansion Study.

Background: This phase 1 study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of TY-9591 (asandeutertinib), a deuterated osimertinib derivative.

Methods: Patients with advanced EGFR-mutated (most commonly exon 19 deletions or L858R) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were enrolled. In the dose-escalation phase, TY-9591 was administered from 20 mg to 200 mg once daily to assess dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD).

Health-related quality of life and symptoms in patients with previously untreated, locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer treated with sintilimab or placebo plus pemetrexed and platinum (ORIENT-11): A randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial.

Background: In the phase 3 ORIENT-11 study, sintilimab plus pemetrexed-platinum provided statistically significant longer overall survival and progression-free survival versus placebo plus pemetrexed-platinum as first-line treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we report the patient-reported outcomes (PRO) analysis findings in ORIENT-11.

Methods: PROs were measured using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life of Cancer Patients Questionnaire Core 30 items (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the Lung Cancer Symptom Scale (LCSS) questionnaire.

Efficacy and safety of first-line sintilimab plus anlotinib versus chemotherapy for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a phase II, open-label, randomized controlled trial.

Background: The prognosis for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with standard platinum-based chemotherapy was suboptimal, with safety concerns. Following encouraging results from a preliminary phase I study, this phase II trial investigated the efficacy and safety of first-line sintilimab and anlotinib in metastatic NSCLC.

Methods: In this open-label, randomized controlled trial (NCT04124731), metastatic NSCLC without epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), or proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ROS (ROS1) mutations, and previous treatments for metastatic disease were enrolled.

Real-world studies of crizotinib in patients with ROS1-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: experience from China.

The treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has progressed from histology-oriented cytotoxic therapy to the era of molecular biology-oriented targeted therapy and immunotherapy. As the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting the pathway, crizotinib is widely used as a first-line regimen for -rearranged NSCLC. However, due to the paucity of solid data from randomized, controlled phase III clinical studies, clinicians often require more systematic, real-world data-based guidance for its optimal clinical use.

Prognostic role of serum cytokines level in non-small cell lung cancer patients with anti-PD-1 and chemotherapy combined treatment.

Background: Chemotherapy combined with PD-1 inhibitor treatment has revolutionized the standard of care for patients with NSCLC. However, the benefit is not universal, highlighting the need for precise prediction factors. Given their relationship with the immune system and non-invasive nature, serum cytokines are potential candidates for predicting the clinical effects of chemoimmunotherapy.

Obesity and survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or chemoimmunotherapy: a multicenter cohort study.

Background: The association of body mass index (BMI) with survival outcomes in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with first-line chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or chemoimmunotherapy is controversial. We aimed to investigate these associations, including associations in male and female patients specifically, in a multicenter cohort study.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from seven cohorts comprising 7021 advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients who received chemotherapy (three cohorts), immunotherapy (two cohorts), and chemoimmunotherapy (two cohorts) from five data sources, including a de-identified nationwide (US-based) NSCLC clinico-genomic database and two randomized, double-blind, phase 3 clinical trials.

Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with rare mutations: a real-world retrospective study.

Background: Kirsten rat sarcoma homolog () mutations are one of the key drivers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and FDA-approved specific inhibitors of -G12C mutation are available clinically. However, inhibitors of certain KRAS mutation subtypes remain unavailable, especially rare mutations including G13C, G13D, and Q61H. In this study, we retrospectively investigated the outcomes of NSCLC patients with rare -mutation to determine if they may benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Safety and efficacy of multi-target TKI combined with nivolumab in check-point inhibitor-refractory patients with advanced NSCLC: a prospective, single-arm, two-stage study.

Background: Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represents a major unmet medical need in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition may reverse a suppressive microenvironment and recover sensitivity to subsequent ICIs.

Methods: This phase Ib/IIa, single-arm study, comprised dose-finding (Part A) and expansion (Part B) cohorts.

Enhancement of anti-PD-L1 antibody plus anlotinib efficacy due to downregulation of PD-L1 in the micro-conduit endothelium within the tumor: a randomized double-blind trial.

Objective: The possible enhancing effect of anlotinib on programmed death receptor ligand (PD-L1) antibody and the efficacy-predicting power of PD-L1 in micro-conduit endothelium, including lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and blood endothelial cells (BECs), were determined to identify patients who would benefit from this treatment.

Methods: PD-L1 positivity in LECs, BECs, and tumor cells (TCs) was assessed using paraffin sections with multicolor immunofluorescence in an investigator's brochure clinical trial of TQB2450 (PD-L1 antibody) alone or in combination with anlotinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Progression-free survival (PFS) with different levels of PD-L1 expression was compared between the two groups.

Camrelizumab plus famitinib in previously chemo-immunotherapy treated patients with advanced NSCLC: results from an open-label multicenter phase 2 basket study.

Background: The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenic agents has been effective in treating multiple cancers. This was further explored in an open-label, multicenter phase 2 basket study (NCT04346381), which evaluated the antitumor activity and safety of camrelizumab (an anti-PD-1 antibody) plus famitinib (a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor) in patients with advanced solid tumors. We herein report the findings from the cohort of advanced NSCLC patients who progressed after treatment with platinum-doublet chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

Association of metabolomics with PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy outcomes in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Background: Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with chemotherapy has become a standard treatment for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lacking driver gene mutations. Reliable biomarkers are essential for predicting treatment outcomes. Emerging evidence from various cancers suggests that early assessment of serum metabolites could serve as valuable biomarkers for predicting outcomes.

Prognostic value of pretreatment procalcitonin and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer.

Background: To investigate the influence of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and procalcitonin (PCT) on progression-free survival (PFS) in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients.

Method: A total of 100 extensive-stage SCLC patients were enrolled in our study. Patients were stratified according to the median values of pretreatment NLR and PCT levels: low NLR group (NLR ≤3.

Combination of EGFR-TKI and Chemotherapy Versus EGFR-TKI Monotherapy as Neoadjuvant Treatment of Stage III-N2 EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: The efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) monotherapy in patients with stage III-N2 EGFR-mutant remains unsatisfactory. This study explored the potential benefits of combining first-generation EGFR-TKI with chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant treatment for patients with stage III-N2 EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Patients And Methods: The medical records of patients with III-N2 EGFR-mutant NSCLC who received neoadjuvant therapy with EGFR-TKI at Shanghai Chest Hospital from October 2011 to October 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.

Multimodal fusion of liquid biopsy and CT enhances differential diagnosis of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.

This research explores the potential of multimodal fusion for the differential diagnosis of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) (tumor sizes < 2 cm). It combines liquid biopsy biomarkers, specifically extracellular vesicle long RNA (evlRNA) and the computed tomography (CT) attributes. The fusion model achieves an impressive area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 91.

Blood FOLR3 methylation dysregulations and heterogeneity in non-small lung cancer highlight its strong associations with lung squamous carcinoma.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the vast majority of lung cancers. Early detection is crucial to reduce lung cancer-related mortality. Aberrant DNA methylation occurs early during carcinogenesis and can be detected in blood.