Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinson's Disease: Brain Tissue Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Interactions.

This study utilises amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease (PD) human brain samples from the GEO database and employs differential expression gene (DEG) analysis to identify genes that are pivotal in both neurodegenerative diseases. Through in depth GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, we elucidated the biological functions and potential pathways associated with these DEGs. Furthermore, by constructing protein‒protein interaction networks, we highlight the significance of shared DEGs in both cellular physiology and disease contexts.

Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells improve myocardial fibrosis and restore miRNA-133a expression in diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious health-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by myocardial fibrosis and abnormal cardiac function. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUC-MSCs) are a potential therapeutic tool for DCM and myocardial fibrosis via mechanisms such as the regulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression and inflammation. It remains unclear, however, whether hUC-MSC therapy has beneficial effects on cardiac function following different durations of diabetes and which mechanistic aspects of DCM are modulated by hUC-MSC administration at different stages of its development.

Amelioration of diabetic nephropathy in mice by a single intravenous injection of human mesenchymal stromal cells at early and later disease stages is associated with restoration of autophagy.

Background And Aims: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) a potentially effective disease-modulating therapy for diabetic nephropathy (DN) but their clinical translation has been hampered by incomplete understanding of the optimal timing of administration and in vivo mechanisms of action. This study aimed to elucidate the reno-protective potency and associated mechanisms of single intravenous injections of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs) following shorter and longer durations of diabetes.

Methods: A streptozotocin (STZ)-induced model of diabetes and DN was established in C57BL/6 mice.

The Contributions of the Endolysosomal Compartment and Autophagy to APOEɛ4 Allele-Mediated Increase in Alzheimer's Disease Risk.

Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), although yet-to-be fully understood, increases the risk and lowers the age of onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is the major cause of dementia among elderly individuals. The endosome-lysosome and autophagy pathways, which are necessary for homeostasis in both neurons and glia, are dysregulated even in early AD. Nonetheless, the contributory roles of these pathways to developing AD-related pathologies in APOE4 individuals and models are unclear.

Neural Differentiation and spinal cord organoid generation from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for ALS modelling and inflammatory screening.

C9orf72 genetic mutation is the most common genetic cause of ALS/FTD accompanied by abnormal protein insufficiency. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures are providing new approaches. Therefore, this study established neuronal cell types and generated spinal cord organoids (SCOs) derived from C9orf72 knockdown human iPSCs to model ALS disease and screen the unrevealed phenotype.

Preclinical Evidence for the Effectiveness of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a complication of diabetes mellitus that endangers human health. DCM results in cardiac dysfunction, which eventually progresses to heart failure. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), a type of multipotent stem cell, have shown promising therapeutic effects in various cardiovascular diseases and diabetic complications in preclinical studies due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative abilities.

Neural stem/progenitor cell therapy for Alzheimer disease in preclinical rodent models: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory impairments, and there is no effective therapy. Neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) has emerged as potential novel therapy for AD, and we aim to explore whether neural stem/progenitor cell therapy was effective for rodent models of AD.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science up to December 6, 2022.

Autophagy-Mediated Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Sporadic ALS Patient iPSC-Derived Astrocytes.

Background: Astrocytes can be involved in motor neuron toxicity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) induced by noncell autonomous effects, and inflammatory cytokines may play the main role in mediating this process. However, the etiology of aberrant cytokine secretion is unclear. The present study assessed possible involvement of the mTOR-autophagy pathway in aberrant cytokine secretion by ALS patient iPSC-derived astrocytes.

Blood-derived integration-free induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from one 53-years-old male donor with APOE-ε4/ε4 genotype.

Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4) is a minor allele of the APOE gene associated with a higher risk for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Vascular Dementia (VD). While lipid deposition and chronic inflammation in glia are the commonalities between atherosclerosis, VD, and AD. Hence, we presented an iPSC line of an AD male donor suffering from Cerebrovascular Atherosclerosis with APOE-ε4/ε4 alleles background.

Induced pluripotent stem cells derived from one 70-years-old male donor with the APOE-ε4/ε4 alleles.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a lipid-binding protein with ε2, ε3, and ε4 allelic variants in human. The ε4 isoform (ApoE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for the late-onset form of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and is also associated with multiple neurological disorders, multiple sclerosis, and cerebrovascular disease. Here, induced pluripotent stem cells were derived from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a 70-year-old male donor with APOE-ε4/ε4 alleles background to explore pathogenesis and screen potential treatment methods in neurodegenerative diseases.

hiPSC-derived NSCs effectively promote the functional recovery of acute spinal cord injury in mice.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common disease that results in motor and sensory disorders and even lifelong paralysis. The transplantation of stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), or subsequently generated stem/progenitor cells, is predicted to be a promising treatment for SCI. In this study, we aimed to investigate effect of human iPSC-derived neural stem cells (hiPSC-NSCs) and umbilical cord-derived MSCs (huMSCs) in a mouse model of acute SCI.

Clinical efficacy on glycemic control and safety of mesenchymal stem cells in patients with diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCT data.

Background: Diabetes mellitus as a chronic metabolic disease is threatening human health seriously. Although numerous clinical trials have been registered for the treatment of diabetes with stem cells, no articles have been published to summarize the efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods And Findings: The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence from RCTs and, where possible, conduct meta-analyses to provide a reliable numerical summary and the most comprehensive assessment of therapeutic efficacy and safety with MSCs in diabetes.

Patient-derived iPSCs, a reliable model for the investigation of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and a common cause of dementia among elderly individuals. The disease is characterized by progressive cognitive decline, accumulation of senile amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Human-derived cell models of AD are scarce, and over the years, non-human-derived models have been developed to recapitulate clinical AD, investigate the disease's pathogenesis and develop therapies for the disease.

Induced pluripotent stem cell line derived from a sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from a 60-year-old female diagnosed with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS). The iPSCs shared the same karyotype with the parent PBMCs, expressed pluripotency stem cell markers, and demonstrated trilineage differentiation potential. This cell line could serve as an ideal model to investigate the mechanisms underlying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Fragmentation of brain apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and its relevance in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very common cause of dementia in the elderly. It is characterized by progressive amnesia and accretions of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of neurons and senile plaques in the neuropil. After aging, the inheritance of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilon 4 (ε4) allele is the greatest risk factor for late-onset AD.

Production and validation of human induced pluripotent stem cell line from sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS).

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease with the loss of upper motor neurons in the cortex and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord regressively. The vast majority of ALS cases have no familial history are apparently sporadic (SALS), making the modeling of SALS essential to the development of ALS therapeutics. Therefore, human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a 64-year-old SALS patient were produced using a virus-free protocol and characterized using standard validate methods.

High-order rogue waves of a long-wave-short-wave model of Newell type.

The long-wave-short-wave (LWSW) model of Newell type is an integrable model describing the interaction between the gravity wave (long wave) and the capillary wave (short wave) for the surface wave of deep water under certain resonance conditions. In the present paper, we are concerned with rogue-wave solutions to the LWSW model of Newell type. By combining the Hirota's bilinear method and the KP hierarchy reduction, we construct its general rational solution expressed by the determinant.

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line (HEBHMUi002-A) from a healthy female individual and neural differentiation.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be used to generate different types of somatic cells in vitro, including neuronal cells. Here, a human iPSC line was generated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a healthy 39-year-old individual. The resulting iPSCs were integration-free, maintained the normal karyotype, expressed pluripotency stem cell markers, and were demonstrated to be capable of differentiating into cells representative of the three embryonic germ layers.

Generation and characterization of a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line (HEBHMUi001-A) from a sporadic Parkinson's disease patient.

We generated a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from the skin fibroblasts of a 62-year-old female patient clinically diagnosed with sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). The generated iPSCs maintained their normal karyotype, expressed pluripotency stem cell markers, and were demonstrated to be capable of differentiating into cells representative of the three embryonic germ layers. The generated line could be used for PD modeling in order to understand the mechanisms that influence the disorder.

Reply to "Comment on 'Defocusing complex short-pulse equation and its multi-dark-soliton solution' ".

Our paper [Phys. Rev. E 93, 052227 (2016)PREHBM2470-004510.

Defocusing complex short-pulse equation and its multi-dark-soliton solution.

In this paper, we propose a complex short-pulse equation of both focusing and defocusing types, which governs the propagation of ultrashort pulses in nonlinear optical fibers. It can be viewed as an analog of the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation in the ultrashort-pulse regime. Furthermore, we construct the multi-dark-soliton solution for the defocusing complex short-pulse equation through the Darboux transformation and reciprocal (hodograph) transformation.

Detecting the presence of hippocampus membrane androgen receptors in male SAMP8 mice and their induced synaptic plasticity.

Testosterone (T), the principal androgen, and its metabolite, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), are known to mediate their effects through binding to intracellular androgen receptors (iARs). In addition to their well-known genomic effects, androgens rapidly alter neuronal excitability through a non-genomic pathway mediated by membrane androgen receptors (mARs). The existence and specificity of mARs in the hippocampus were investigated in SAMP8 mice.

Stable two-dimensional solitary pulses in linearly coupled dissipative Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equations.

We present a two-dimensional (2D) generalization of the stabilized Kuramoto-Sivashinsky system, based on the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation including dissipation of the generic [Newell-Whitehead-Segel (NWS)] type and gain. The system directly applies to the description of gravity-capillary waves on the surface of a liquid layer flowing down an inclined plane, with a surfactant diffusing along the layer's surface. Actually, the model is quite general, offering a simple way to stabilize nonlinear media, combining the weakly 2D dispersion of the KP type with gain and NWS dissipation.