Dosage effect genes modulate grain development in synthesized Triticum durum-Haynaldia villosa allohexaploid.

Polyploidization in plants often leads to increased cell size and grain size, which may be affected by the increased genome dosage and transcription abundance. The synthesized Triticum durum (AABB)-Haynaldia villosa (VV) amphiploid (AABBVV) has significantly increased grain size, especially grain length, than the tetraploid and diploid parents. To investigate how polyploidization affects grain development at the transcriptional level, we perform transcriptome analysis using the immature seeds of T.

Shoot-to-root translocated GmNN1/FT2a triggers nodulation and regulates soybean nitrogen nutrition.

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) provides sufficient nitrogen (N) to meet most legume nutrition demands. In return, host plants feed symbionts carbohydrates produced in shoots. However, the molecular dialogue between shoots and symbionts remains largely mysterious.

Functional assembly of root-associated microbial consortia improves nutrient efficiency and yield in soybean.

Root-associated microbes are critical for plant growth and nutrient acquisition. However, scant information exists on optimizing communities of beneficial root-associated microbes or the mechanisms underlying their interactions with host plants. In this report, we demonstrate that root-associated microbes are critical influencers of host plant growth and nutrient acquisition.

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant proteins consisting of multiple epitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus fused with flagellin.

Many recent studies have shown that flagellin fused to heterologous antigens can induce significantly enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses through its adjuvant activity. Therefore, in this study, two key B cell epitopes and a truncated VP1 (ΔVP1) protein from foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) were expressed as flagellin fusion proteins in different patterns. Specifically, ΔVP1 and two duplicates of two key B cell epitopes (2×B1B2) were fused separately to the C-terminus of flagellin with a universal exogenous T cell epitope to construct FT (Flagellin-Truncated VP1) and FME (Flagellin-Multiple Epitopes).

A newly isolated Chinese virulent genotype GIIb porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain: Biological characteristics, pathogenicity and immune protective effects as an inactivated vaccine candidate.

Since October 2010, severe porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) outbreaks caused by highly virulent PED virus (PEDV) strains have occurred continuously in the Chinese pig population and caused considerable economic losses. Although PEDV vaccines based on classical PEDV strains have been widely used in China in recent years, the morbidity and mortality in piglets remain high. Therefore, virulent genotype GII PEDV strains that are prevalent in the field should be isolated and used to develop next-generation vaccines.

Flagellin as a vaccine adjuvant.

Introduction: Bacterial flagellin, as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), can activate both innate and adaptive immunity. Its unique structural characteristics endow an effective and flexible adjuvant activity, which allow the design of different types of vaccine strategies to prevent various diseases. This review will discuss recent progress in the mechanism of action of flagellin and its prospects for use as a vaccine adjuvant.