Temperature extremes and infectious diarrhea in China: attributable risks and effect modification of urban characteristics.

Studies about the role of urban characteristics in modifying the health effect of temperature extremes are still unclear. This study is aimed at quantifying the morbidity risk of infectious diarrhea attributable to temperature extremes and the modified effect of a range of city-specific indicators. Distributed lag non-linear model and multivariate meta-regression were applied to estimate fractions of infectious diarrhea morbidity attributable to temperature extremes and to explore the effect modification of city-level characteristics.

Impact of Temperature and Rainfall on Typhoid/Paratyphoid Fever in Taizhou, China: Effect Estimation and Vulnerable Group Identification.

The impact of temperature and rainfall on the occurrence of typhoid/paratyphoid fever are not fully understood. This study aimed to characterize the effect of daily ambient temperature and total rainfall on the incidence of typhoid/paratyphoid in a sub-tropical climate city of China and to identify the vulnerable groups for disease prevention. Daily notified typhoid/paratyphoid fever cases and meteorological data for Taizhou from 2005 to 2013 were extracted from the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System and the Meteorological Data Sharing Service System, respectively.

The effect and attributable risk of daily temperature on category C infectious diarrhea in Guangdong Province, China.

Previous studies have explored the effect between ambient temperature and infectious diarrhea (ID) mostly using relative risk, which provides limited information in practical applications. Few studies have focused on the disease burden of ID caused by temperature, especially for different subgroups and cities in a multi-city setting. This study aims to estimate the effects and attributable risks of temperature on category C ID and explore potential modifiers among various cities in Guangdong.

The exposure-response association between humidex and bacillary dysentery: A two-stage time series analysis of 316 cities in mainland China.

Background: Many studies have reported the interactive effects between relative humidity and temperature on infectious diseases. However, evidence regarding the combined effects of relative humidity and temperature on bacillary dysentery (BD) is limited, especially for large-scale studies. To address this research need, humidex was utilized as a comprehensive index of relative humidity and temperature.

Effect of temperature and its interactions with relative humidity and rainfall on malaria in a temperate city Suzhou, China.

Malaria is a climate-sensitive infectious disease. Many ecological studies have investigated the independent impacts of ambient temperature on malaria. However, the optimal temperature measures of malaria and its interaction with other meteorological factors on malaria transmission are less understood.

Real-time forecasting and early warning of bacillary dysentery activity in four meteorological and geographic divisions in China.

Background: Accurate and timely forecasts of bacillary dysentery (BD) incidence can be used to inform public health decision-making and response preparedness. However, our ability to detect BD dynamics and outbreaks remains limited in China.

Objectives: This study aims to explore the impacts of meteorological factors on BD transmission in four representative regions in China and to forecast weekly number of BD cases and outbreaks.

Effect of ambient temperatures on category C notifiable infectious diarrhea in China: An analysis of national surveillance data.

Background: Many studies have explored the association between meteorological factors and infectious diarrhea (ID) transmission but with inconsistent results, in particular the roles from temperatures. We aimed to explore the effects of temperatures on the transmission of category C ID, to identify its potential heterogeneity in different climate zones of China, and to provide scientific evidence to health authorities and local communities for necessary public health actions.

Methods: Daily category C ID counts and meteorological variables were collected from 270 cities in China over the period of 2014-16.

Nonlinear and Threshold Effect of Meteorological Factors on Japanese Encephalitis Transmission in Southwestern China.

Although previous studies have reported that meteorological factors might affect the risk of Japanese encephalitis (JE), the relationship between meteorological factors and JE remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between meteorological factors and JE and identify the threshold temperature. Daily meteorological data and JE surveillance data in Dazhou, Sichuan, were collected for the study period from 2005 to 2012 (restricting to May-October because of the seasonal distribution of JE).

Forecast and early warning of hand, foot, and mouth disease based on meteorological factors: Evidence from a multicity study of 11 meteorological geographical divisions in mainland China.

Background: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a significant public health issue in China. Early warning and forecasting are one of the most cost-effective ways for HFMD control and prevention. However, relevant research is limited, especially in China with a large population and diverse climatic characteristics.

Daily Temperature and Bacillary Dysentery: Estimated Effects, Attributable Risks, and Future Disease Burden in 316 Chinese Cities.

Background: Bacillary dysentery (BD) remains a significant public health issue, especially in developing countries. Evidence assessing the risk of BD from temperature is limited, particularly from national studies including multiple locations with different climatic characteristics.

Objectives: We estimated the effect of temperature on BD across China, assessed heterogeneity and attributable risks across cities and regions, and projected the future risk of BD under climate change.

The effect of temperature on childhood hand, foot and mouth disease in Guangdong Province, China, 2010-2013: a multicity study.

Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a serious infectious disease, which has become a public health problem. Previous studies have shown that temperature may influence the incidence of HFMD, but most only focus on single city and the results are highly heterogeneous. Therefore, a multicity study was conducted to explore the association between temperature and HFMD in different cities and search for modifiers that influence the heterogeneity.

Mediation Analysis of Peer Norms, Self-Efficacy, and Condom Use Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Parallel Process Latent Growth Curve Model.

The objective of this study was to examine direct and indirect relationships among peer norms, self-efficacy, and condom use among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM). A longitudinal study determined the effectiveness of a condom use video promotion among Chinese MSM in 2015. In this analysis, 804 Chinese MSM were recruited at baseline and then followed at 3 weeks and 3 months after the intervention.

A time-trend ecological study for identifying flood-sensitive infectious diseases in Guangxi, China from 2005 to 2012.

Background: Flood-related damage can be very severe and include health effects. Among those health impacts, infectious diseases still represent a significant public health problem in China. However, there have been few studies on the identification of the spectrum of infectious diseases associated with floods in one area.

Growth Trajectories of Peer Norms, Self-efficacy and Condom Use Behavior Among Sexually Active Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men: Latent Class Analysis and Growth Mixture Modeling.

Data from a randomized controlled trial in 2015 were used to estimate the growth trajectories of peer norms, self-efficacy, and condom use behavior, and to identify associated sociodemographic and behavioral factors among a sample of 804 Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM). Latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling were conducted using Mplus. Two growth trajectories were estimated for each outcome variable with good model fit.

Effects and interaction of meteorological factors on influenza: Based on the surveillance data in Shaoyang, China.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that meteorological factors influence the incidence of influenza. However, little is known regarding the interactions of meteorological factors on the risk of influenza in China.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the associations between meteorological factors and influenza in Shaoyang of southern China, and explore the interaction of temperature with humidity and rainfall.

Identifying different types of flood-sensitive diarrheal diseases from 2006 to 2010 in Guangxi, China.

Floods may influence different types of diarrheal diseases and epidemiological studies of pathogen-specific diarrhea due to floods in China are still needed. In addition, few studies have been conducted to quantify the lag and cumulative risk of diarrheal disease due to floods in Guangxi, China. Our study aimed to identify different types of diarrheal diseases that were sensitive to floods and to quantify their lag and cumulative impact.

Effect of ambient temperature and its effect modifiers on bacillary dysentery in Jinan, China.

Background: Studies about the modified effect among various meteorological factors on bacillary dysentery (BD) are limited. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ambient temperature and its effect modifiers on BD in Jinan.

Methods: Daily data of BD cases and meteorological factors from 2005 to 2013 were collected.

Association between floods and typhoid fever in Yongzhou, China: Effects and vulnerable groups.

Background: Little information about the effects of floods on typhoid fever is available in previous studies. This study aimed to examine the relationships between floods and typhoid fever and to identify the vulnerable groups in Yongzhou, China.

Methods: Weekly typhoid fever data, flood data and meteorological data during the flood season (April to September) from 2005 to 2012 were collected for this study.

Association between floods and infectious diarrhea and their effect modifiers in Hunan province, China: A two-stage model.

Background: Understanding the potential links between floods and infectious diarrhea is important under the context of climate change. However, little is known about the risk of infectious diarrhea after floods and what factors could modify these effects in China.

Objectives: This study aims to quantitatively examine the relationship between floods and infectious diarrhea and their effect modifiers.

Safer sex practices among newly diagnosed HIV-positive men who have sex with men in China: results from an ethnographic study.

The study reported here sought to understand the rationales of safer sex practices adopted by newly diagnosed HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). Guided by a socio-ecological framework, an ethnography was conducted among newly diagnosed HIV-positive MSM. In-depth interviews and participant observation were employed to produce an account of the social and cultural settings that was faithful to the perspectives of participants.

Assessment on the burden of bacillary dysentery associated with floods during 2005-2009 in Zhengzhou City, China, using a time-series analysis.

Background: We aimed to quantify the impact of few times floods on bacillary dysentery in Zhengzhou during 2005-2009.

Methods: The Spearman correlation test was applied first to examine the lagged effects of floods on monthly morbidity of bacillary dysentery during 2005-2009 in Zhengzhou. We further quantified the effects of 7 flood events on the morbidity of bacillary dysentery using the time-series Poisson regression controlling for climatic factors, seasonality, gender and age groups.

Exposure to fine particulate matter during pregnancy and risk of term low birth weight in Jinan, China, 2014-2016.

Background: Existing studies exploring the association between low birth weight (LBW) and maternal fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter<2.5μm, PM) exposure have presented equivocal results, and one of the possible reasons for this finding might be due to relatively low maternal exposures. In addition, relatively narrow maternal exposure windows to PM have not been well established for LBW.

Projected burden of disease for bacillary dysentery due to flood events in Guangxi, China.

Many researchers have been studying the influence of floods on intestinal infection in recent years. This study aimed to project the future disease burden of bacillary dysentery associated with floods in Guangxi, China. Relying on the longitudinal data, a generalized additive mixed model was applied to quantify the relationship between the monthly morbidity of bacillary dysentery and floods with two severity levels from 2004 to 2010, controlling for other meteorological variables.

Infectious Diseases and Tropical Cyclones in Southeast China.

Southeast China is frequently hit by tropical cyclones (TCs) with significant economic and health burdens each year. However, there is a lack of understanding of what infectious diseases could be affected by tropical cyclones. This study aimed to examine the impacts of tropical cyclones on notifiable infectious diseases in southeast China.

Ambient high temperature and mortality in Jinan, China: A study of heat thresholds and vulnerable populations.

Background: Understanding the health consequences of continuously rising temperatures-as is projected for China-is important in terms of developing heat-health adaptation and intervention programs. This study aimed to examine the association between mortality and daily maximum (T), mean (T), and minimum (T) temperatures in warmer months; to explore threshold temperatures; and to identify optimal heat indicators and vulnerable populations.

Methods: Daily data on temperature and mortality were obtained for the period 2007-2013.