Correlation analysis of DLG5 and PD-L1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is among the most aggressive forms of breast cancer, characterized by a dismal prognosis. In the absence of drug-targetable receptors, chemotherapy remains the sole systemic treatment alternative. Recent advancements in immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that target programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), have provided renewed optimism for the treatment of patients with TNBC.

Contribution of the P2X4 Receptor in Rat Hippocampus to the Comorbidity of Chronic Pain and Depression.

The hippocampus is an important region for the interaction between depression and pain. Studies show that the P2X4 receptor plays key role in neuropathic pain. This work investigated the potential implication of the P2X4 receptor in the hippocampus in comorbidity of chronic pain and depression.

Glucokinase in stellate ganglia cooperates with P2X3 receptor to develop cardiac sympathetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes rats.

Glucokinase (GCK) may be involved in inflammatory pathological changes, while the P2X3 receptor in the stellate ganglia (SG) is related to diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy. In this study, we explored the relationship between the upregulated GCK in SG and diabetic cardiac sympathy. The expression and location of GCK and P2X3 in SG of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats were assessed.

P2Y12 shRNA normalizes inflammatory dysfunctional hepatic glucokinase activity in type 2 diabetic rats.

The celiac ganglion projects its postganglionic (including purinergic) fibers to the liver. P2Y12 receptor is one of the P2Y family members. We found that the expression levels of P2Y12 receptor in both celiac ganglia and liver were increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats which also displayed an enhanced activity of celiac sympathetic nerve discharge (SND).