A novel anti-epileptogenesis strategy of temporal lobe epilepsy based on nitric oxide donor.

The molecular mechanism underlying the role of hippocampal hilar interneuron degeneration in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) remains unclear. Especially, very few studies have focused on the role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS, encoded by Nos1) containing hilar interneurons in TLE. In the present study, Nos1 conditional knockout mice were constructed, and we found that selective deletion of Nos1 in hilar interneurons rather than dentate granular cells (DGCs) triggered epileptogenesis.

Effect of vitamin E on energy metabolism indicators and gill tissue structure of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) under cooling stress.

The aim of this work is to examine the effects of vitamin E addition to water on the structure of the gill tissue and energy metabolism of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) under cooling stress. The crucian carp were chilled using a cold acclimation intelligent chilling equipment from 20 °C to 5 °C. They were divided into three groups: the control group (E1), the negative control group (E2), and the 100 mg/L vitamin E (E3) solution.

Intestinal flora influences the progression of subarachnoid hemorrhage by affecting peripheral and central inflammatory pathways.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a debilitating condition that leaves survivors with neurological disability for the rest of their lives. No effective treatment for early brain injury (EBI) has been developed. Gut microbiome (GM) impact the host immune system and can influence disease processes in several organs, including the brain.

Utilization of clinical and radiological parameters to predict cognitive prognosis in patients with mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury.

Background: Cognitive impairment is a common sequela following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aimed to identify risk factors for cognitive impairment after 3 and 12 months of TBI and to create nomograms to predict them.

Methods: A total of 305 mild-to-moderate TBI patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from January 2018 to January 2022 were retrospectively recruited.

Comprehensive Analysis of Physiological, Biochemical and Flavor Characteristics Changes in Crucian Carp () under Different Concentrations of Eugenol.

Eugenol is a widely used fishery anesthetic. This study investigated the effects of various concentrations of eugenol on blood physiological and biochemical indexes, and muscle flavor, in crucian carp (). To determine the appropriate concentration of eugenol anesthetic for use in crucian carp transportation and production operations, we evaluated seven anesthesia groups of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 mg/L and one control group (without eugenol) to determine the effects on blood physiological and biochemical indexes, and muscle flavor.

OsCBL5-CIPK1-PP23 module enhances rice grain size and weight through the gibberellin pathway.

Grain size is a key factor in determining rice (Oryza sativa) yield, and exploring new pathways to regulate grain size has immense potential to improve yield. In this study, we report that OsCBL5 encodes a calcineurin B subunit protein that significantly promotes grain size and weight. oscbl5 plants produced obviously smaller and lighter seeds.

Effect of Vanillin on the Anaesthesia of Crucian Carp: Effects on Physiological and Biochemical Indices, Pathology, and Volatile Aroma Components.

The anaesthetic effect of vanillin on crucian carp was investigated using different concentrations of vanillin, with a nonvanillin control. The effective concentration range of vanillin anaesthesia was determined from the behavioural characteristics of crucian carp during the anaesthesia onset and recovery phases. Physiological and biochemical indices, and the electronic nose response to the fish muscle, were measured over the range of effectiveanaestheticc concentrations.

Prevalence of pituitary dysfunction after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Pituitary dysfunction (PD) is a common complication after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The prevalence of PD varies widely at a global level and no recent meta-analysis is available. Therefore, the aim of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the updated estimates of worldwide prevalence of PD after aSAH.

Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of N-(9,10-anthraquinone-2-ylcarbonyl) xanthine oxidase inhibitors on hyperuricemia.

To observe the antioxidative effects of N-(9,10-anthraquinone-2-ylcarbonyl) xanthine oxidase inhibitors (NAY) and models of hyperuricemia and explore the mechanism. A classical experimental method of acute toxicity and a chronic toxicity test were used to compare the toxic effects of different doses of NAY in mice. The hyperuricemia mouse model was established by gavage of potassium oxonate .

L4-to-L4 nerve root transfer for hindlimb hemiplegia after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.

There is no effective treatment for hemiplegia after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Considering that the branches of L4 nerve roots in the lumbar plexus root control the movement of the lower extremity anterior and posterior muscles, we investigated a potential method of nerve repair using the L4 nerve roots. Rat models of hindlimb hemiplegia after a hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were established by injecting autogenous blood into the posterior limb of internal capsule.

Unique Glutelin Expression Patterns and Seed Endosperm Structure Facilitate Glutelin Accumulation in Polyploid Rice Seed.

Background: Rice is not only an essential food but also a source of high quality protein. Polyploidy is an evolutionary trajectory in plants, and enhancing glutelin by polyploidization is an attractive strategy for improving the nutritional value of rice seeds and presents a great potential for enhancing the commercial value of rice. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying glutelin synthesis and accumulation in tetraploid rice is of great significance.

SP1-induced lncRNA ZFPM2 antisense RNA 1 (ZFPM2-AS1) aggravates glioma progression via the miR-515-5p/Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) axis.

Glioma is a common life-threatening tumor with high malignancy and high invasiveness. LncRNA ZFPM2 antisense RNA 1 (ZFPM2-AS1) was confirmed to be implicated in numerous tumors, while its biological function and mechanism have not been thoroughly understood in glioma. The gene expression was measured by RT-qPCR.

Isomangiferin Attenuates Renal Injury in Diabetic Mice via Inhibiting Inflammation.

Aim: Renal injury induced by diabetes is reported to be associated with inflammation. Isomangiferin (ISO), a xanthone C-glucoside from the Cyclopia subfamily, exhibits many pharmacological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the protection of ISO against renal damage in diabetic mice.

Integration of small RNA, degradome and proteome sequencing in Oryza sativa reveals a delayed senescence network in tetraploid rice seed.

Seed of rice is an important strategic resource for ensuring the security of China's staple food. Seed deterioration as a result of senescence is a major problem during seed storage, which can cause major economic losses. Screening among accessions in rice germplasm resources for traits such as slow senescence and increased seed longevity during storage is, therefore, of great significance.

Hepatoprotective Effect of Apigenin Against Liver Injury via the Non-canonical NF-κB Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro.

Apigenin, a flavonoid found in many plants, has various biological properties. We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity of apigenin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced acute liver injury in mice and hydrogen peroxide (HO)-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells and possible mechanism. In vivo, apigenin significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in serum of mice challenged by CCl and markedly alleviated the lipid peroxidation as indicated by the increased level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidases (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), and the decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue.

HOXB13 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioblastoma through transcriptional upregulation of lncRNA HOXC-AS3.

HOXB13 exerts a close relation in several human cancers. This study explored the role of HOXB13 in glioblastoma (GBM), a brain tissue with the highest aggressive rate and mortality in adults. Through microarray and immunohistochemistry analyses, HOXB13 was highly expressed in GBM tissues.

MicroRNA-524 inhibits the progress of glioma via the direct targeting of NCF2.

In recent years, a large amount of research has reported that microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation is closely related to glioma progression. miR-524, a member of the miRNA family, has been confirmed to be involved in many human diseases, including glioma. However, the role and molecular mechanism of miR-524 in glioma have not been clarified.

MicroRNA-940 inhibits glioma progression by blocking mitochondrial folate metabolism through targeting of MTHFD2.

The aggressiveness and recurrence of glioma are major obstacles for the treatment of this type of tumor. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of glioma is necessary to improve the efficacy of therapy. MicroRNAs have been widely studied in many human cancers.

Effect of a Sodium Alginate Coating Infused with Tea Polyphenols on the Quality of Fresh Japanese Sea Bass (Lateolabrax japonicas) Fillets.

Unlabelled: Sodium alginate (SA) and tea polyphenols (TP) are natural preservatives commonly used in the food industry, including the production of fish products. The effect of SA coating infused with TP on the quality of fresh Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicas) fillets was evaluated over a 20-day period at 4 °C. SA (1.

Gastric Residual Volume after Split-Dose Bowel Preparation versus Conventional Single-Dose Regimen before Anesthetic Colonoscopy.

The aim of this study was to compare gastric residual volume (GRV) in patients given a split-dose versus a conventional single-dose of polyethylene glycol (PEG) preparation before undergoing anesthetic colonoscopy. In a prospective observational study, we assessed GRV in outpatients undergoing same-day anesthetic gastroscopy and colonoscopy between October 8 and December 30 of 2016. Outpatients were assigned to the split-dose (1 L PEG in the prior evening and 1 L PEG 2-4 h before endoscopy) or single-dose (ingestion of 2 L PEG ≥ 6 h before endoscopy) regimen randomly.

Geniposide Attenuates Post-Ischaemic Neurovascular Damage via GluN2A/AKT/ ERK-Dependent Mechanism.

Background/aims: Calcium-permeable ionotropic NMDAR-mediated hyperactivity is regarded as the critical factor in modulating the development of ischaemic stroke. Recently, there has been increasing interest in preventing post-stroke neuronal death by focusing on intervening in the function of subpopulations of NMDARs and their downstream signalling. Geniposide, an iridoid glycoside, has been found to have cytoprotective functions in various conditions.

The SG13S114 polymorphism of the ALOX5AP gene is associated with ischemic stroke in Europeans: a meta-analysis of 8062 subjects.

The association between ALOX5AP SG13S114 polymorphism and ischemic stroke (IS) susceptibility has extensively been investigated, especially in white populations; however, the results were inconclusive. Here, we perform a meta-analysis to clarify the effect of SG13S114 variant on the IS risk in Europeans. The Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and Medline were searched up to August 1st, 2016.

GlyT1 Inhibitor NFPS Exerts Neuroprotection via GlyR Alpha1 Subunit in the Rat Model of Transient Focal Cerebral Ischaemia and Reperfusion.

Background/aims: Glycine is a strychnine-sensitive inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), especially in the spinal cord, brainstem, and retina. The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of GlyT1 inhibitor N [3-(4'-fluorophenyl)-3-(4'-phenylphenoxy) propyl] sarcosine (NFPS) in the rat model of experimental stroke.

Methods: In vivo ischaemia was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO).

Regulation of Intracellular Structural Tension by Talin in the Axon Growth and Regeneration.

Intracellular tension is the most important characteristic of neuron polarization as well as the growth and regeneration of axons, which can be generated by motor proteins and conducted along the cytoskeleton. To better understand this process, we created Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based tension probes that can be incorporated into microfilaments to provide a real-time measurement of forces in neuron cytoskeletons. We found that our probe could be used to assess the structural tension of neuron polarity.