Alcohol, White Adipose Tissue, and Brown Adipose Tissue: Mechanistic Links to Lipogenesis and Lipolysis.

According to data from the World Health Organization, there were about 3 million deaths caused by alcohol consumption worldwide in 2016, of which about 50% were related to liver disease. Alcohol consumption interfering with the normal function of adipocytes has an important impact on the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. There has been increasing recognition of the crucial role of adipose tissue in regulating systemic metabolism, far beyond that of an inert energy storage organ in recent years.

Thickening mechanism of recombined dairy cream stored at 4 °C: Changes in the composition and structure of milk protein under different sterilization intensities.

This work elucidates the mechanism involved in the effect of varying sterilization intensities on RDC thickening via comparative analysis of the changes in the composition and structure of RDC interfacial protein after storage at 4 °C and at 25 °C. The results showed that pasteurized RDCs (75 °C for 16 s, 90 °C for 5 min) and high-temperature sterilized RDCs (105 °C for 3 min, 115 °C for 7 min and 121 °C for 7 min) did not thicken during storage at 25 °C, and had lower viscosities and higher Ca concentrations than those stored at 4 °C. Whey protein (WP) aggregates were found to have been adsorbed at the interface of high-temperature treated RDCs stored at 4 °C, leading to the aggregation of fat globules and, consequently, reversible thickening.

Bioactivity of Dietary Polyphenols: The Role in LDL-C Lowering.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of the death around the world. An elevation of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. To achieve optimal plasma LDL-C levels, clinal therapies were investigated which targeted different metabolism pathways.

Ethyl acetate subfractions from ethanol extracts of fermented oats ( L.) exert anti-cancer properties and through G2/M and S Phase arrest and apoptosis.

Cancer is a major public problem and poses a long-term impact on patients' life, work, and study. Oats are widely recognized as healthy food and fermented oats were rich in the higher contents of polyphenols. However, the role of fermented oats in cancer remains elusive.

Essential oil, juice, and ethanol extract from bergamot confer improving effects against primary dysmenorrhea in rats.

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is one of the most common gynecological disorders among young women. Bergamot is rich in natural bioactive ingredients, which could potentially ameliorate PD. We aimed to investigate whether the bergamot products (essential oil, juice, and ethanol extract) could improve PD induced by estradiol benzoate and oxytocin.

Effects of Huangjiu, Baijiu and Red Wine Combined With High-Fat Diet on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism: Aggravate or Alleviate?

Aim: To compare effects on certain health indices in rodents of different doses of alcoholic beverages, huangjiu (Chinese yellow wine), red wine and baijiu (Chinese liquor) combined with high-fat diet (HFD) and the pure HFD.

Methods: A total of 80 rats were randomly divided into eight groups and treated with (a) basal diet (3.5 kcal/g); (b) HFD (19.

Essential Oil and Juice from Bergamot and Sweet Orange Improve Acne Vulgaris Caused by Excessive Androgen Secretion.

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Bergamot and sweet orange are rich in nutritional and functional components, which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of bergamot and sweet orange (juice and essential oil) on acne vulgaris caused by excessive secretion of androgen.

Wheat Flour, Enriched with γ-Oryzanol, Phytosterol, and Ferulic Acid, Alleviates Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in High-Fat-Fructose-Fed Rats.

(1) Background: Modern dietary patterns with a high intake of fat and fructose, as well as refined carbohydrates, closely relate to lipid/glucose metabolic disorders. The main objective of this study is to provide new thoughts in designing functional food with some lipid/glucose metabolism regulating effects for obese people. (2) Methods: The alleviating abilities of γ-oryzanol, phytosterol or ferulic acid-enriched wheat flour on lipid/glucose metabolic dysfunction were evaluated in male SD rats induced by a high-fat-fructose diet.

Protective Effects of Five Structurally Diverse Flavonoid Subgroups against Chronic Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Damage in a Mouse Model.

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has become one of the major global health problems, with augmented morbidity and mortality. Evidence indicates that flavonoids can reduce the risk of ALD owing to their biological properties. However, the effect of structurally different flavonoid subclasses on alleviating alcohol-induced liver damage in a same model has never been studied.

Structurally Different Flavonoid Subclasses Attenuate High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats.

Metabolic syndrome is a serious health problem worldwide. Increasing evidence indicates that flavonoid-rich foods exert beneficial effects. However, the function of flavonoids in metabolic syndrome is controversial.

Bioactive, nutritional composition, heavy metal and pesticide residue of four Chinese jujube cultivars.

This study aims to conduct a detailed investigation on four cultivars grown in northwest China, concentrating on the analysis of the bioactive contents, nutrients, heavy metal concentrations, and pesticide residue contents. Those Chinese jujubes consist of 51.99-71.

Stability of a type 2 diabetes rat model induced by high-fat diet feeding with low-dose streptozotocin injection.

Objective: The present study aims at determining the stability of a popular type 2 diabetes rat model induced by a high-fat diet combined with a low-dose streptozotocin injection.

Methods: Wistar rats were fed with a high-fat diet for 8 weeks followed by a one-time injection of 25 or 35 mg/kg streptozotocin to induce type 2 diabetes. Then the diabetic rats were fed with regular diet/high-fat diet for 4 weeks.

Cyanidin-3-glucoside Alleviates 4-Hydroxyhexenal-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via JNK-c-Jun/AP-1 Pathway in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells.

Recently, the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the eyes has been known to be associated with the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), an important anthocyanin with great potential for preventing eye diseases, against 4-hydroxyhexenal- (HHE-) induced inflammatory damages in human retinal pigment epithelial cells, ARPE-19. We noticed that C3G pretreatment to the ARPE-19 cells rescued HHE-induced antiproliferative effects.

Dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich oils protects against visible-light-induced retinal damage in vivo.

The effects of administering omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich oils on visible-light-induced retinal damage were investigated in rabbits. The mole percentages of α-linolenic acid in sea buckthorn berry oil, sea buckthorn oil (SO), sea buckthorn seed oil and flaxseed oil (FO) were 2.12%, 12.

Antioxidant capacity and amino acid profile of millet bran wine and the synergistic interaction between major polyphenols.

Millet bran, the by-product of millet processing industry, contains an abundance of phytochemicals, especially polyphenols. The main objective of this study was brewing antioxidant wine from millet bran, as well as the nutritional evaluation. The total polyphenol content of wine samples was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, and the antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH radical-scavenging capacity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP).

Comparative analysis of oxidative mechanisms of phloroglucinol and dieckol by electrochemical, spectroscopic, cellular and computational methods.

Numerous studies have been carried out on the redox activities of phenolic compounds from terrestrial plants, however, the redox pathway of phlorotannins, a type of marine algae-derived polyphenol, is far from clear. In the present study, the redox mechanisms of two phlorotannins, phloroglucinol (PL) and dieckol (DL), were comparatively scrutinized. Differential pulse voltammetry was conducted in the pH range 2.

Preparation of monoclonal antibody and development of an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for ornidazole detection.

A monoclonal antibody (mAb) and an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) for ornidazole (ONZ) detection were developed. ONZ was conjugated with cationic bovine serum albumin as a hapten to generate the artificial immunogens and coating antigens. BALB/c mice were immunized, and mAbs were obtained.

Potential Retinal Benefits of Dietary Polyphenols Based on Their Permeability across the Blood-Retinal Barrier.

Whether all dietary polyphenols nourish the eyes via oral supplementation is controversial. Given that passage of dietary polyphenols across the blood-retina barrier (BRB) is the precondition for polyphenols to exhibit ocular benefits, the BRB permeability of polyphenols was assessed in this study. Being common dietary polyphenols in fruits and vegetables, nonanthocyanin flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phenolic acids were investigated.

Protective Effects of Genistein and Puerarin against Chronic Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice via Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Anti-apoptotic Mechanisms.

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of genistein or puerarin on chronic alcohol-induced liver injury in vivo and to explore the underlying mechanisms of hepatoprotective effects. Mice were administered genistein or puerarin (0.3 mmol kg(-1) body weight) and gastrically infused with 50% alcohol once per day for 5 weeks.

Monoclonal antibody production and indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay development of 3-methyl-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid based on novel haptens.

Two novel immunizing haptens of 3-methyl-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (MQCA) were synthesized and conjugated with cationized bovine serum albumin. Female BALB/c mice were immunized with above conjugates, splenocytes were fused with Sp2/0 cells to produce monoclonal antibody. Compared with previous studies, antibodies raised in this work showed higher sensitivity.

Protective Effect of Proanthocyanidins from Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae Rhamnoides L.) Seed against Visible Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration in Vivo.

Dietary proanthocyanidins (PACs) as health-protective agents have become an important area of human nutrition research because of their potent bioactivities. We investigated the retinoprotective effects of PACs from sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed against visible light-induced retinal degeneration in vivo.

Cyanidin-3-glucoside and its phenolic acid metabolites attenuate visible light-induced retinal degeneration in vivo via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and NF-κB suppression.

Scope: Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) is a major anthocyanin in berries and a potential nutritional supplement for preventing retinal degeneration. However, the protective mechanism of C3G and its metabolites, protocatechuic acid (PCA) and ferulic acid (FA), remain unclear. The molecular mechanisms of C3G and its metabolites against retinal photooxidative damage in vivo are investigated.

Fructose and glucose combined with free fatty acids induce metabolic disorders in HepG2 cell: A new model to study the impacts of high-fructose/sucrose and high-fat diets in vitro.

Scope: This work investigated the underlying mechanism of high-fructose/sucrose and high-fat diets, which rapidly induce metabolic syndrome in vivo, via a new cell model.

Methods And Results: Glucose and/or fructose were used to induce the human hepatoma cell (HepG2) in the presence of palmitic acid, oleic acid, or combined fatty acids (CFA) for 24 h. The alterations in lipid and uric acid production, glucose metabolism, oxidative status, and related genes and proteins were monitored.

Effect of Increasing Doses of Linoleic and α-Linolenic Acids on High-Fructose and High-Fat Diet Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats.

Doses and ratio of linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) preventing metabolic syndrome (MS) were investigated. SD rats were fed (i) basal diet, (ii) high-fructose and high-fat diet (HFFD), (iii) HFFD with increasing-dose LA (0.75 energy-% ALA + 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 30 energy-% LA), and (iv) HFFD with increasing-dose ALA (6 energy-% LA + 0.