Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Advanced External Auditory Canal Cholesteatoma in Naim Stage III and IV.

Objective: To report the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes, as well as endoscopic-assisted ear surgery techniques used in patients with advanced external auditory canal cholesteatoma (EACC).

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: University hospital.

[Identification and single-cell sequencing analysis of rare tumor cells in malignant pleural effusion of lung cancer patients].

Tumor heterogeneity refers to distinct genomic or phenotypic characteristics of tumor cells. Under the environmental or drug stress, tumor cells exhibit different responses, corresponding to different properties of cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. In particular, a small fraction of tumor cells are capable of detaching from primary tumor sites and initiating distant metastases.