Seed coating with biocontrol bacteria encapsulated in sporopollenin exine capsules for the control of soil-borne plant diseases.

Coating seeds with biocontrol agents represents an effective approach for managing soil-borne plant diseases. However, improving the viability of biocontrol microorganisms on the seed surface or in the rhizosphere remains a big challenge due to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this work, we developed a microbial seed coating strategy that uses sporopollenin exine capsules (SECs) as carriers for the encapsulation of the biofilm-like biocontrol bacteria.

Coating seeds with biocontrol bacteria-loaded sodium alginate/pectin hydrogel enhances the survival of bacteria and control efficacy against soil-borne vegetable diseases.

Microbial seed coatings serve as effective, labor-saving, and ecofriendly means of controlling soil-borne plant diseases. However, the survival of microbial agents on seed surfaces and in the rhizosphere remains a crucial challenge. In this work, we embedded a biocontrol bacteria (Bacillus subtilis ZF71) in sodium alginate (SA)/pectin (PC) hydrogel as a seed coating agent to control Fusarium root rot in cucumber.

Quantification of Viable Cells of pv. in Tomato Seed Using Propidium Monoazide and a Real-Time PCR Assay.

pv. is a seedborne pathogen that causes bacterial speck disease in tomato. pv.

3(2)-pyridazinone derivatives: a new scaffold for novel plant activators.

Due to the emergence of drug resistance, pesticide residue and environmental contamination, it is important to develop novel eco-friendly strategies to protect plants. Among them, plant activators have been gaining more and more attention. Herein, based on SHAFTS method, a new scaffold for novel plant activators was predicted and the discovery and structure-activity relationships of a series of 3(2)-pyridazinone derivatives as novel plant activators were elucidated in detail.

Diversity of (Ustilaginales, Ustilaginomycotina) on and (Poaceae).

A combined ecological, morphological, and molecular approach was used to examine 26 herbarium specimens and eight strains of . The phylogenetic analysis resolved eight well-supported clades, of which three contained type specimens of known species of . One clade contained two specimens that produced a teleomorph in the flowers of in Australia.

Verticillium Wilt of Okra Caused by Kleb. in China.

Okra ( (L.) Moench) has gained more popularity as an economically significant plant for its nutritional and medicinal value, especially in China. During 2014-2016, the root disease of okra was discovered in four okra commercial fields surveyed in China.

Identification of Plant-Pathogenic Fungi Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometric Analyses.

Identification of plant-pathogenic fungi is time-consuming due to cultivation and microscopic examination and can be influenced by the interpretation of the micro-morphological characters observed. The present investigation aimed to create a simple but sophisticated method for the identification of plant-pathogenic fungi by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In this study, FTIR-attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy was used in combination with chemometric analysis for identification of important pathogenic fungi of horticultural plants.

Microwave assisted synthesis, antifungal activity, DFT and SAR study of 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine derivatives containing hydrazone moieties.

Background: The increasing prevalence of multi-drug resistant fungal infections has encouraged the search for new antifungal agents. Hydrazone derivatives always exhibited diversity activities, including antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-cancer activity. Regarding the heterocyclic moiety, 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine derivatives also display broad activities, such as antifungal activity, anticonvulsant activity, herbicidal activity, antimicrobial activity and anticancer activity.

Syntheses, biological activities and SAR studies of novel carboxamide compounds containing piperazine and arylsulfonyl moieties.

A series of novel carboxamide compounds 19a-19j, 20a-20j and 22a-22d containing piperazine and arylsulfonyl moieties have been synthesized. The bioassay results showed that some compounds exhibited favorable herbicidal activities against dicotyledonous plants and many of them possessed excellent antifungal activities. Among 24 novel compounds, some showed superiority over the commercial fungicides Chlorothalonil, Dimethomorph, Thiophanate-methyl, Iprodione, and Zhongshengmycin at 500 mg/L concentration.

Design, Synthesis, DFT Study and Antifungal Activity of Pyrazolecarboxamide Derivatives.

A series of novel pyrazole amide derivatives were designed and synthesized by multi-step reactions from phenylhydrazine and ethyl 3-oxobutanoate as starting materials, and their structures were characterized by NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The antifungal activity of the title compounds was determined. The results indicated that some of title compounds exhibited moderate antifungal activity.

[Quantitative Detection of Chinese Cabbage Clubroot Based on FTIR Spectroscopy].

Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is considered the most devastating soilborne disease in Brassica crops. It has emerged as a serious disease threatening the cruciferous crop production industry in China. Nowadays, the detection techniques for P.

Construction of a genome-scale metabolic network of the plant pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum provides new strategies for bactericide discovery.

We reconstructed the first genome-scale metabolic network of the plant pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum PC1 based on its genomic sequence, annotation, and physiological data. Metabolic characteristics were analyzed using flux balance analysis (FBA), and the results were afterwards validated by phenotype microarray (PM) experiments.

Microwave assistant synthesis, antifungal activity and DFT theoretical study of some novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives containing pyridine moiety.

In order to investigate the biological activity of novel 1,2,4-triazole compounds, seventeen novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives containing pyridine moiety were synthesized under microwave assistant condition by multi-step reactions. The structures were characterized by 1H NMR, MS and elemental analyses. The target compounds were evaluated for their fungicidal activities against Stemphylium lycopersici (Enjoji) Yamamoto, Fusarium oxysporum.

Synthesis and antifungal evaluation of a series of maleimides.

Background: Maleimides, both natural and synthesised, have good biological activities. In a continuous effort to discover new maleimides with good antifungal activities, the authors have synthesised a series of 3,4-dichloro-, 3-methyl and non-substituted maleimides based on previous studies. The compounds were biologically evaluated against the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclorotiorum.

Design, synthesis, antifungal activities and 3D-QSAR of new N,N'-diacylhydrazines containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxy moiety.

A series of new N,N'-diacylhydrazine derivatives were designed and synthesized. Their structures were verified by 1H-NMR, mass spectra (MS) and elemental analysis. The antifungal activities of these N,N'-diacylhydrazines were evaluated.

Synthesis and fungicidal activity of novel 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives.

A novel series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives containing a 5-phenyl-2-furan moiety were synthesized from the intermediates diacylhydrazine 3 and acylhydrazone 5 via an efficient approach under microwave irradiation in good yields. Their structures were characterized by IR, (1)H NMR, and elemental analysis. The antifungal tests indicated that the title compounds showed in vivo fungicidal activity against Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solanii at 500 μg/mL obviously.

Synthesis and bioactivities of novel pyrazole and triazole derivatives containing 5-phenyl-2-furan.

A series of novel pyrazole and triazole derivatives containing 5-phenyl-2-furan functionality were designed and synthesized. Their toxicities were predicted using in silico assays and proven to be less toxic. The antitumor results showed that the activity of compounds containing 1,3,4-triazole (series II) was higher than that of pyrazole-attached derivatives (series I).

[Identification of soil-borne fungi using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy].

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy was used in combination with multivariate statistic analysis for identification of soil-borne fungi that causes severe economic damage to agriculture: Fusarium monili forme, Fusarium semitectum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Pythium aphanidermatum and Phytophthora capsici. The original FTIR spectra were normalized, and the second derivatives were calculated, from which the peak wave numbers showing greatest variability were selected: 2924, 2854, 1745, 1641, 1547, 1466, 1406, 1376, 1306, 1240, 1201, 1152, 1109 and 1028 cm(-1). To discriminate different fungal strains, canonical discriminant analysis and cluster analysis were performed at these characteristic wave numbers.

[Early detection of corynespora spot on cucumber leaves based on FTIR spectroscopy].

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique was applied in the early detection of corynespora spot on cucumber leaves while the symptom had not appeared. The cucumber leaves were inoculated with Corynespora cassiicola. By observing the changes in the FTIR spectra of infected cucumber leaves at various times of post-infection, three sensitive bands, 1 735, 1 545 and 1 240 cm(-1) were selected for the identification of cucumber corynespora leaf spot.

Design, synthesis, biological activities, and 3D-QSAR of new N,N'-diacylhydrazines containing 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propane moiety.

A series of new N,N'-diacylhydrazine derivatives were synthesized efficiently under microwave irradiation. Their structures were characterized by (1) H NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. Various biological activities of these compounds were tested.

[Identification of fungal strain by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and cluster analysis].

Fourier transform attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) has been a novel technical procedure to identify and classify microorganisms in recent years. In the present study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) in combination with an attenuated total reflection (ATR) unit were used to discriminate important plant-destroying fungi. Mycelia of 17 fungal strains belonging to 14 different species were grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plants and subjected to FTIR-ATR measurements.

[Identification of cucumber disease using hyperspectral imaging and discriminate analysis].

Hyperspectral imaging (400-720 nm) and discriminate analysis were investigated for the detection of normal and diseased cucumber leaf samples with powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea), angular leaf spot (Pseudomopnas syringae), downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis), and brown spot (Corynespora cassiicola). A hyperspectral imaging system was es tablished to acquire and pre-process leaf images, as well as to extract leaf spectral properties. Owing to the complexity of the original spectral data, stepwise discriminate and canonical discriminate were executed to reduce the numerous spectral information, in order to decrease the amount of calculation and improve the accuracy.

Isolation and identification of 5-hydroxyl-5-methyl-2-hexenoic acid from Actinoplanes sp. HBDN08 with antifungal activity.

A bioactivity-guided approach was employed to isolate and determine the chemical identity of bioactive constituents with antifungal activity from Actinoplanes sp. HBDN08. The structure of the antifungal metabolite was elucidated as 5-hydroxyl-5-methyl-2-hexenoic acid on the basis of spectral analysis.

Synthesis and biological activity of some novel trifluoromethyl-substituted 1,2,4-triazole and bis(1,2,4-triazole) Mannich bases containing piperazine rings.

A series of trifluoromethyl-substituted 1,2,4-triazole Mannich base 6 and bis(1,2,4-triazole) Mannich base 7 containing pyrimidinylpiperazine rings via the Mannich reaction were synthesized and characterized by infrared (IR), (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and elemental analysis. The fungicidal tests indicated that most of compounds 6 and 7 possessed excellent fungicidal activity. Among 19 novel compounds, some showed superiority over commercial fungicides Dimethomorph, Thiophanate-methyl, Iprodione, and Zhongshengmycin.