Mechanisms of Anorexia Cancer Cachexia Syndrome and Potential Benefits of Traditional Medicine and Natural Herbs.

Anorexia cancer cachexia syndrome is prevalent in advanced cancer patients, which is featured by anorexia, decreased dietary intake, body weight loss (skeletal muscle mass loss), and is unable to be reversed by routine nutritional support therapy. Up to now, the main mechanisms involved in cancer cachexia include excessive systemic inflammation, which is represented by increased plasma levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, tumor-induced factors, such as PIF and LMF. These factors eventually act on orexigenic and anorexigenicneurons located in the hypothalamus or protein and lipid metabolism of peripheral tissues, which lead to anorexia, decreased dietary intake, enhanced basic metabolism rate and hypercatabolism.

[Clinical features and prognostic factors in patients with leptomeningeal metastases].

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of leptomeningeal metastases (LM) from solid tumors and to develop better treatment strategies.

Methods: The clinical characteristics and follow-up results of 77 cases of leptomeningeal metastases (LM) from solid tumors diagnosed and treated in our hospital from 2002 to 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical characteristics, treatment methods and overall survival were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model.

N-(5-Chloro-2-nitro-phen-yl)-2,2-di-methyl-propanamide.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(11)H(13)ClN(2)O(3), mol-ecules are linked through C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Phenyl N-(5-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)carbamate.

In the title compound, C(13)H(9)ClN(2)O(4), the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 79.5 (1)°. The mean plane of the carbamate group makes angles of 7.

3-(2-Methyl-2-nitro-prop-yl)-1H-indole.

In the title compound, C(12)H(14)N(2)O(2), the indole ring is essentially planar, with an r.m.s.

N-(4-Fluoro-phen-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-propan-amide.

The crystal packing in the title compound, C(11)H(14)FNO, features N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, resulting in chains of mol-ecules running parallel to the c axis. The dihedral angle between the ring and the amide group is 39.1 (3)°.

[Primary pulmonary sarcoma-a study of 8 cases].

Objective: To summarize the diagnosis, pathology, treatment and prognosis of 8 cases of primary pulmonary sarcoma.

Method: The clinical data of 8 patients with primary pulmonary sarcoma in the PUMC Hospital from 1986 to 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: The clinical manifestations included cough (n=5), chest pain (n=2), hemoptysis (n=2), short of breath (n=2), and hoarseness due to the oppression of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (n=1).