Distribution dynamics and urbanization-related factors of Hantaan and Seoul virus infections in China between 2001 and 2020: A machine learning modelling analysis.

Objectives: The epidemical and clinical features of distinct hantavirus infections exhibit heterogeneity. However, the evolving epidemics and distinct determines of the two hantavirus infections remain uncertain.

Methods: Data on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) cases and genotyping were collected from multiple sources to explore the distribution dynamics of different endemic categories.

Dynamic changes of neutralizing antibody and memory T cell responses six months post Omicron XBB reinfection.

Introduction: With the continued prevalence of COVID-19, repeated infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 has become common. However, studies on immune persistence post Omicron XBB reinfection are limited.

Methods: We prospectively studied the durability and cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and T cell responses among 20 subjects who suffered Omicron BA.

SARS-CoV-2 reinfection broadens the antibody responses and promotes the phenotypic differentiation of virus-specific memory T cells in adolescents.

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron subvariants raises concerns regarding the effectiveness of immunity acquired from previous Omicron subvariants breakthrough infections (BTIs) or reinfections (RIs) against the current circulating Omicron subvariants. In this study, we prospectively investigate the dynamic changes of virus-specific antibody and T cell responses among 77 adolescents following Omicron BA.2.

Humoral and cellular immune responses following Omicron BA.2.2 breakthrough infection and Omicron BA.5 reinfection.

The emergence of novel Omicron subvariants has raised concerns regarding the efficacy of immunity induced by prior Omicron subvariants breakthrough infection (BTI) or reinfection against current circulating Omicron subvariants. Here, we prospectively investigated the durability of antibody and T cell responses in individuals post Omicron BA.2.

Mapping the distribution of Nipah virus infections: a geospatial modelling analysis.

Background: Nipah virus is a zoonotic paramyxovirus responsible for disease outbreaks with high fatality rates in south and southeast Asia. However, knowledge of the potential geographical extent and risk patterns of the virus is poor. We aimed to establish an integrated spatiotemporal and phylogenetic database of Nipah virus infections in humans and animals across south and southeast Asia.

Epidemiological characteristics and antibody kinetics of elderly population with booster vaccination following both Omicron BA.5 and XBB waves in China.

After the termination of zero-COVID-19 policy, the populace in China has experienced both Omicron BA.5 and XBB waves. Considering the poor antibody responses and severe outcomes observed among the elderly following infection, we conducted a longitudinal investigation to examine the epidemiological characteristics and antibody kinetics among 107 boosted elderly participants following the Omicron BA.

The global distribution and the risk prediction of relapsing fever group Borrelia: a data review with modelling analysis.

Background: The recent discovery of emerging relapsing fever group Borrelia (RFGB) species, such as Borrelia miyamotoi, poses a growing threat to public health. However, the global distribution and associated risk burden of these species remain uncertain. We aimed to map the diversity, distribution, and potential infection risk of RFGB.

Zoonotic pathogens identified in rodents and shrews from four provinces, China, 2015-2022.

Rodents and shrews are major reservoirs of various pathogens that are related to zoonotic infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate co-infections of zoonotic pathogens in rodents and shrews trapped in four provinces of China. We sampled different rodent and shrew communities within and around human settlements in four provinces of China and characterised several important zoonotic viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens by PCR methods and phylogenetic analysis.

Infection and co-infection patterns of community-acquired pneumonia in patients of different ages in China from 2009 to 2020: a national surveillance study.

Background: Severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) is associated with a substantial number of hospitalisations and deaths worldwide. Infection or co-infection patterns, along with their age dependence and clinical effects are poorly understood. We aimed to explore the causal and epidemiological characteristics by age, to better describe patterns of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and their association with severe disease.

Geographical distribution of and associated pathogens: Analysis of integrated data from a China field survey and global published data.

The increasing incidence and range expansion of tick-borne diseases have caused global threats to human and animal health under the background of climate and socioeconomic changes. As an efficient vector in transmission of tick-borne diseases, a growing burden caused by and associated pathogens could not be underestimated. This study summarized the distribution, hosts, and pathogens of , and predicted the suitable habitats of this tick species worldwide.

Dual seasonal pattern for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and its potential determinants in China.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) continued to affect human health across Eurasia, which complicated by climate change has posed a challenge for the disease prevention measures. Nation-wide surveillance data of HFRS cases were collected during 2008-2020.The seasonality and epidemiological features were presented by combining the HFRS incidence and the endemic types data.

Interference with LTβR signaling by tick saliva facilitates transmission of Lyme disease spirochetes.

Lyme spirochetes have coevolved with ticks to optimize transmission to hosts using tick salivary molecules (TSMs) to counteract host defenses. TSMs modulate various molecular events at the tick-host interface. Lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTβR) is a vital immune receptor and plays protective roles in host immunity against microbial infections.

Clinical outcomes of doxycycline, azithromycin and chloramphenicol for the treatment of patients with severe scrub typhus.

Background: Previous studies have evaluated treatment efficacy of various antibiotics for patients with mild-to-moderate scrub typhus (ST). However, the efficacy of different antibiotics for treating severe ST remains uncertain.

Methods: A retrospective study of patients with severe ST was undertaken in China.

, a Medically Important Tick, May Not Be a Competent Vector to Transmit Jingmen Tick Virus.

Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) has attracted great attention due to its potential pathogenicity in humans and its transmission by ticks. () is one of the dominant tick species in northeastern China, and can transmit many pathogens to humans and animals. However, there have been no report of transmission of JMTV by .

Mapping the viruses belonging to the order Bunyavirales in China.

Background: Viral pathogens belonging to the order Bunyavirales pose a continuous background threat to global health, but the fact remains that they are usually neglected and their distribution is still ambiguously known. We aim to map the geographical distribution of Bunyavirales viruses and assess the environmental suitability and transmission risk of major Bunyavirales viruses in China.

Methods: We assembled data on all Bunyavirales viruses detected in humans, animals and vectors from multiple sources, to update distribution maps of them across China.

The role of selenium in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: an integrative analysis of surveillance data and clinical data.

Objectives: Selenium deficiency can be associated with increased susceptibility to some viral infections and even more severe diseases. In this study, we aimed to examine whether this association applies to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS).

Method: An observational study was conducted based on the data of 13,305 human SFTS cases reported in mainland China from 2010 to 2020.

Clinical characteristics and risk factors for severe scrub typhus in pediatric and elderly patients.

Background: Scrub typhus (ST) is a life-threatening infectious disease if appropriate treatment is unavailable. Large discrepancy of clinical severity of ST patients was reported among age groups, and the underlying risk factors for severe disease are unclear.

Methods: Clinical and epidemiological data of ST patients were collected in 55 surveillance hospitals located in Guangzhou City, China, from 2012 to 2018.

Mapping the Distributions of Mosquitoes and Mosquito-Borne Arboviruses in China.

The geographic expansion of mosquitos is associated with a rising frequency of outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases (MBD) worldwide. We collected occurrence locations and times of mosquito species, mosquito-borne arboviruses, and MBDs in the mainland of China in 1954-2020. We mapped the spatial distributions of mosquitoes and arboviruses at the county level, and we used machine learning algorithms to assess contributions of ecoclimatic, socioenvironmental, and biological factors to the spatial distributions of 26 predominant mosquito species and two MBDs associated with high disease burden.

Mapping the risk distribution of sensu lato in China from 1986 to 2020: a geospatial modelling analysis.

Lyme borreliosis, recognized as one of the most important tick-borne diseases worldwide, has been increasing in incidence and spatial extent. Currently, there are few geographic studies about the distribution of Lyme borreliosis risk across China. Here we established a nationwide database that involved sensu lato () detected in humans, vectors, and animals in China.