Cytokine and chemokine map of peripheral specific immune cell subsets in Parkinson's disease.

Peripheral immune cells play a vital role in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, their cytokine and chemokine secretion functions remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the cytokine and chemokine secretion functions of specific immune cell subtypes in drug-naïve patients with PD at different ages of onset.

Nuclear DJ-1 Regulates DNA Damage Repair via the Regulation of PARP1 Activity.

DNA damage and defective DNA repair are extensively linked to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD), but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we determined that the PD-associated protein DJ-1 plays an essential role in modulating DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Specifically, DJ-1 is a DNA damage response (DDR) protein that can be recruited to DNA damage sites, where it promotes DSB repair through both homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining.

DNA Damage-Mediated Neurotoxicity in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease around the world; however, its pathogenesis remains unclear so far. Recent advances have shown that DNA damage and repair deficiency play an important role in the pathophysiology of PD. There is growing evidence suggesting that DNA damage is involved in the propagation of cellular damage in PD, leading to neuropathology under different conditions.

Parkin regulates microglial NLRP3 and represses neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.

Microglial hyperactivation of the NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contributes to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, neuronally expressed NLRP3 was demonstrated to be a Parkin polyubiquitination substrate and a driver of neurodegeneration in PD. However, the role of Parkin in NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia remains unclear.

Pharmacogenomics-a New Frontier for Individualized Treatment of Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease with a significant public health burden. It is characterized by the gradual degeneration of dopamine neurons in the central nervous system. Although symptomatic pharmacological management remains the primary therapeutic method for PD, clinical experience reveals significant inter-individual heterogeneity in treatment effectiveness and adverse medication responses.

Impact of cognition-related single nucleotide polymorphisms on brain imaging phenotype in Parkinson's disease.

Multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms may contribute to cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease. However, the mechanism by which these single nucleotide polymorphisms modify brain imaging phenotype remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms on brain imaging phenotype in Parkinson's disease.

Association of Concurrent Olfactory Dysfunction and Probable Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder with Early Parkinson's Disease Progression.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD), with either rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) or olfactory dysfunction (OD), has been associated with disease progression. However, there is currently heterogeneity in predicting prognosis.

Objectives: To identify whether the concurrent presence of OD and probable RBD (pRBD) in PD (Dual hit in PD, PD-DH) is associated with disease progression.

Decoding the Role of Familial Parkinson's Disease-Related Genes in DNA Damage and Repair.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of midbrain substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons and the formation of Lewy bodies. Over the years, researchers have gained extensive knowledge about dopaminergic neuron degeneration from the perspective of the environmental and disease-causing genetic factors; however, there is still no disease-modifying therapy. Aging has long been recognized as a major risk factor for PD; however, little is known about how aging contributes to the disease development.

Quercetin Protects against MPP/MPTP-Induced Dopaminergic Neuron Death in Parkinson's Disease by Inhibiting Ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death, is caused by accumulation of lipid peroxides and excessive iron deposition. This process has been linked to the death of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra compacta (SNc) of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Quercetin (QCT), a natural flavonoid, has multiple pharmacological activities.

Different patterns of exosomal α-synuclein between Parkinson's disease and probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder.

Background And Purpose: The insidious onset of Parkinson's disease (PD) makes early diagnosis difficult. Notably, idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) was reported as a prodrome of PD, which may represent a breakthrough for the early diagnosis of PD. However, currently there is no reliable biomarker for PD diagnosis.

Inflammatory markers of hemogram parameters as predictive factors for disease severity in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the utility of inflammatory markers of hemogram parameters as objective indicators of disease severity in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis.

Methods: A total of 98 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Inflammatory markers of hemogram parameters, including neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio, were acquired within 24 h of admission.

A multiple-tissue-specific magnetic resonance imaging model for diagnosing Parkinson's disease: a brain radiomics study.

Brain radiomics can reflect the characteristics of brain pathophysiology. However, the value of T1-weighted images, quantitative susceptibility mapping, and R2* mapping in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) was underestimated in previous studies. In this prospective study to establish a model for PD diagnosis based on brain imaging information, we collected high-resolution T1-weighted images, R2* mapping, and quantitative susceptibility imaging data from 171 patients with PD and 179 healthy controls recruited from August 2014 to August 2019.

Association Between Dystonia-Related Genetic Loci and Parkinson's Disease in Eastern China.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) and dystonia are closely related in terms of pathophysiology and clinical manifestations, but their common genetic characteristics remain unclear. Some genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and replication studies have revealed correlations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the genes and dystonia. This study was conducted to assess the association between these genetic loci and PD in a population from Eastern China.

Cholinergic neurons in the pedunculopontine nucleus guide reversal learning by signaling the changing reward contingency.

Cognitive flexibility enables effective switching between mental processes to generate appropriate responses. Cholinergic neurons (CNs) within the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) are associated with many functions, but their contribution to cognitive flexibility remains poorly understood. Here we measure PPN cholinergic activities using calcium indicators during the attentional set-shifting task.

Treatment of extracranial internal carotid artery dissecting aneurysm with SUPERA stent implantation: Two case reports.

Background: There is no standard endovascular treatment for extracranial internal carotid artery dissecting aneurysms. In the past, stent-graft isolation and stent-assisted coil embolization were commonly used for wide-necked and fusiform aneurysms. Here, we present two cases of extracranial internal carotid artery dissecting aneurysms treated successfully using the SUPERA stent.

Specific immune status in Parkinson's disease at different ages of onset.

Recent evidence suggests that innate and adaptive immunity play a crucial role in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, studies regarding specific immune cell classification in the peripheral blood in PD remain lacking. Therefore, we aimed to explore the different immune status in patients with PD at different ages of onset.

Associations of Body Mass Index-Metabolic Phenotypes with Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Growing evidence suggests important effects of body mass index (BMI) and metabolic status on neurodegenerative diseases. However, the roles of BMI and metabolic status on cognitive outcomes in Parkinson's disease (PD) may vary and are yet to be determined.

Methods: In total, 139 PD patients from the whole PD cohort in Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative database underwent complete laboratory measurements, demographic and anthropometric parameters at baseline, and were enrolled in this study.

Apolipoprotein E Genotype Contributes to Motor Progression in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Emerging evidence indicates that the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 exacerbates α-synuclein pathology.

Objective: To determine whether APOE ε4 contributes to motor progression in early Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: Longitudinal data were obtained from 384 patients with PD divided into APOE ε4 carriers (n = 85) and noncarriers (n = 299) in the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative.

The effect of the PARK16 rs11240572 variant on brain structure in Parkinson's disease.

Increasing evidence suggests that genetic factors play a key role in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). The variant rs11240572 in the PARK16 gene locus is strongly associated with PD. However, its effect on the pathogenesis of PD is yet to be clarified.