Process optimizations for the synthesis of an intermediate of dydrogesterone.

Dydrogesterone (DG) is a potent progesterone drug that can be used to treat almost all progesterone-deficiency in women. However, there are few reports on DG process studies, and the by-products are unclear, which make the process optimization challenging. In this paper, we report the process optimization studies for the synthesis of 9α,10β-pregest-5,7-diene-3,20-diethylene glycol ketone (1), an intermediate of DG.

Tunable Synthesis of 2D Bismuth Oxyhydroxide and Oxysulfide from Solid-Liquid Interfacial Reaction for High Performance Optoelectronic Gas Sensing.

The self-limiting Cabrera-Mott oxidation reaction on metal surfaces provides an effective pathway for synthesizing atomically thin 2D metal oxide. Inspired by this reaction, it is proposed that solid bismuth metals can react with dissolved oxygen and water molecules in an aqueous environment, forming an ultrathin oxyhydroxide layer on their surfaces. The lattice mismatch between the surface oxyhydroxide layer and the underlying pure metal enables the mechanical exfoliation of detached 2D oxyhydroxide nanosheets.

Long-Lasting Solid-State Aluminum Battery with High-Areal-Capacity Enabled by In Situ Polymerization Strategy.

Nonaqueous rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs) attract intense interest due to their low-cost, high-capacity, and high-safety using nonflammable chloroaluminate ionic liquid electrolytes (ILEs). However, Al dendrite growth, interface degradation, and corrosiveness remain challenges in these ILEs. Herein, an ultrastable solid-state aluminum battery (SAB) based on a cross-linked polymer solid-state electrolyte (PSE) and a PSE-encapsulated graphite (PG) cathode is constructed via an in situ polymerization strategy, which maintains battery safety and realizes a synergy of interface compatibility between PSE/PG and PSE/Al interfaces.

Airborne optical imaging technology: a road map in CIOMP.

Airborne optical imaging can flexibly obtain the intuitive information of the observed scene from the air, which plays an important role of modern optical remote sensing technology. Higher resolution, longer imaging distance, and broader coverage are the unwavering pursuits in this research field. Nevertheless, the imaging environment during aerial flights brings about multi-source dynamic interferences such as temperature, air pressure, and complex movements, which forms a serious contradiction with the requirements of precision and relative staticity in optical imaging.

Coarse matching was sufficient to capture attention by working memory representations unless matching features with the target.

Background: In most theoretical frameworks, the effectiveness of attentional selection relies significantly on the perceptual similarity between the target template and visual input. Nevertheless, ambiguity exists surrounding whether attentional capture triggered by irrelevant representations in Working Memory (WM) is influenced by the perceptual similarity levels of features between WM content and its matching distractors.

Methods: We designed a hybrid WM and visual search task, varying such perceptual similarity of colors across three levels: exact, high-similar, and low-similar matching.

Benchmarking Corrosion with Anionic Polarity Index for Stable and Fast Aqueous Batteries Even in Low-Concentration Electrolyte.

Despite aqueous electrolyte endowing batteries with the merits of safe operation, low-cost fabrication, and high ionic conductivity, water-induced corrosion, including spontaneous chemical and electrochemical hydrogen evolution corrosion, adversely affects lifespan and rate capability. There is still a lack of selection criteria for benchmarking corrosion behavior qualitatively. Through theoretical simulation, an anionic polarity index (API) tactic is proposed to resist corrosion by manipulating interfacial and solvated water concomitantly, thus realizing stable and fast Zn aqueous batteries (ZABs).

Metal-Induced Distally Axial Chirality of Vertical Binuclear Platinum(II) Complexes: Chirality Self-Sorting and Chiral Stability/Phosphorescence Enhancement.

Chirality is a fundamental property of nature. Herein, we demonstrate a straightforward strategy to build a new kind of metal-induced distally axial chirality based on vertical binuclear platinum(II) complexes. The strong and balanced steric hindrance between the four methyl substituents of sym-tetraacetylethane bridging ligand causes the two Pt-containing hexatomic rings in these binuclear Pt(II) complexes to be orthogonally linked by a C-C single bond.

Gradient Sodium Deficiency Optimization in O3-Type Cathode Materials for Superior Performance and Air Stability.

O3-type layered oxides are promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries due to their easy synthesis and high sodium content. However, complex phase transitions and poor air stability limit their practical applications. Introducing sodium deficiency suppresses reactions with air and improves phase stability, but often at the cost of significantly compromising the sodium storage capacity.

Whey protein-structured oleogels: Effect of α-lactalbumin addition and ultrasonication treatment on oleogelation.

Research on oleogels has a health and sustainability imperative for reducing saturated-fat intake. Herein, the physicochemical properties of whey protein aggregates (WPA) with α-lactalbumin (α-La) addition (5-10 %), ultrasonication (1-2 min), and heating process (85-95 °C), and consequently, the functional characteristics of WPA-based oleogels (WPO) and their potential for replacing commercial butter were investigated. More α-La incorporation and longer ultrasonication increased the hydrogen bonding and β-sheet (34 %-50 %), while reduced random coil of WPA (27 %-11 %), which promoted WPA formation, increased WPA structural density, and led to a decline in particle size of WPA driven by surface hydrophobicity decrease.

Thiophene Substituent Engineering of Carbazole Based Self-Assembled Monolayers for Use in High-Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Carbazole-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are widely used in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the biased intermolecular assembly of SAM molecules, and the lack of Lewis-basic heteroatoms to efficiently tune the crystallinity of perovskites and passivate the interface defects still limited the further improvement of the efficiency and stability for PSCs involving carbazole-based SAMs. Herein, a novel 3,6-dithiophene carbazole-based SAM molecule (named CzTh) is designed via the substituent engineering strategy, which is demonstrated to effectively solve the obstacles.

The impact of dietary phosphorus levels on growth, slaughter, and digestive metabolism in growing sheep.

Phosphorus (P) pollution from livestock farming poses significant environmental challenges, necessitating efficient P utilization. This study systematically investigated the effects of varying dietary P levels on growth, slaughter performance, nutrient digestion, and metabolism in during the growth phase. Forty-five sheep (30.

Manganese-Based Oxide Cathode Materials for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries: Materials, Mechanism, Challenges, and Strategies.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have recently attracted worldwide attention due to the natural abundance of Zn, low cost, high safety, and environmental benignity. Up to the present, several kinds of cathode materials have been employed for aqueous zinc-ion batteries, including manganese-based, vanadium-based, organic electrode materials, Prussian Blues, and their analogues, etc. Among all the cathode materials, manganese (Mn)-based oxide cathode materials possess the advantages of low cost, high theoretical specific capacity, and abundance of reserves, making them the most promising cathode materials for commercialization.

A Green and Efficient Recycling Strategy for Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries in Neutral Solution Environment.

Traditional acid or/and ammonia leaching techniques are usually applied to extract valuable metals during hydrometallurgical recovery of spent lithium-ion batteries. However, the excessive and repeated use of acids and bases inevitably increases the environmental burden and safety threats. Herein, considering the advantages of neutral pH solution system in terms of safety and environmental protection, neutral leaching has been pioneeringly proposed to achieve a low-cost and harmless hydrometallurgical process.

DyGAT-FTNet: A Dynamic Graph Attention Network for Multi-Sensor Fault Diagnosis and Time-Frequency Data Fusion.

Fault diagnosis in modern industrial and information systems is critical for ensuring equipment reliability and operational safety, but traditional methods have difficulty in effectively capturing spatiotemporal dependencies and fault-sensitive features in multi-sensor data, especially rarely considering dynamic features between multi-sensor data. To address these challenges, this study proposes DyGAT-FTNet, a novel graph neural network model tailored to multi-sensor fault detection. The model dynamically constructs association graphs through a learnable dynamic graph construction mechanism, enabling automatic adjacency matrix generation based on time-frequency features derived from the short-time Fourier transform (STFT).

Post-Fishing Ban Period: The Fish Diversity and Community Structure in the Poyang Lake Basin, Jiangxi Province, China.

Between 2022 and 2023, four systematic fish surveys were carried out in the Poyang Lake basin (PLB), capturing 49,192 fish (7017 kg) and identifying 120 species from 10 orders, 21 families, and 70 genera. Cypriniformes were the most dominant, accounting for 79 species. The spring and autumn surveys collected 25,734 and 23,458 individuals, respectively, with corresponding biomasses of 3978 kg and 3038 kg.

Layered Anion-Mixed Oxycompounds: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications.

Layered anion-mixed oxycompounds have emerged as pivotal materials across diverse technological domains encompassing electronics, optics, sensing, catalysis, and energy applications. Capitalizing on the unique properties imparted by the additional anion, these compounds exhibit exceptional characteristics including ultra-large charge carrier mobility, giant second-harmonic generation, visible-light-driven photocatalysis, and outstanding thermoelectricity. This article aims to provide a comprehensive summary of layered anion-mixed oxychalcogenides, oxyhalides, oxynitrides, and oxypnictides.

Geniposide Protects Against Myocardial Infarction Injury via the Restoration in Gut Microbiota and Gut-Brain Axis.

Improving gut dysbiosis and impaired gut-brain axis has been a potent therapeutic strategy for treating myocardial infarction (MI). Geniposide (GEN), a traditional Chinese medicine extract, has demonstrated substantial cardioprotective properties post-MI. Nevertheless, the effect of GEN on gut microbial, gut-brain communication, and its potential mechanism remains unclear.

Atomically thin high-entropy oxides via naked metal ion self-assembly for proton exchange membrane electrolysis.

Designing efficient Ruthenium-based catalysts as practical anodes is of critical importance in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. Here, we develop a self-assembly technique to synthesize 1 nm-thick rutile-structured high-entropy oxides (RuIrFeCoCrO) from naked metal ions assembly and oxidation at air-molten salt interface. The RuIrFeCoCrO requires an overpotential of 185 mV at 10 m A cm and maintains the high activity for over 1000 h in an acidic electrolyte via the adsorption evolution mechanism.

Investigation of microbial induced calcium carbonate and struvite co-precipitation on cementitious material surfaces.

Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has garnered increasing attention in the realm of building materials. Among them, urease microorganisms have been extensively investigated due to their favorable attributes, including facile reaction control, heightened mineralization efficiency, and straightforward microorganism cultivation. Nevertheless, the presence of ammonia byproducts throughout the reaction process significantly restricted its extensive utilization.

Reinforcing ion diffusion and controlling microcrack of nickel-rich cobalt-free single-crystalline cathodes via interfacial protection and bulk optimization.

Nickel-rich cobalt-free layered oxide cathode with Ni contents no fewer than 90 % has received extensive attention in the field of lithium-ion batteries due to its excellent specific capacity and low cost, but serious capacity degeneration induced by structural deterioration and interfacial instability greatly hamper their further development. Herein, the Sb-modified LiNiMnO materials from the interface to interior have been designed and fabricated to overcome the above issues. On the one hand, the introduction of Sb-ion in interior of grains can generate Sb-O chemical bond with high dissociation energy, which contributes to reinforce the chemical and structural stability.

Mechanism of Action of CCS043 Utilizing Allelochemicals for Rhizosphere Colonization and Enhanced Infection Activity in .

is an important medicinal herb; but its long-term cultivation often leads to continuous cropping problems. The underlying cause can be attributed to the accumulation of and alterations in root exudates; which interact with soil-borne pathogens; particularly ; triggering disease outbreaks that severely affect its yield and quality. It is therefore crucial to elucidate the mechanisms by which root exudates induce CCS043 outbreaks.

Dual functional coordination interactions enable fast polysulfide conversion and robust interphase for high-loading lithium-sulfur batteries.

The stable operation of high-capacity lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) has been hampered by slow conversion kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and instability of the lithium metal anodes. Herein, 6-(dibutylamino)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-thiol (DTD) is introduced as a functional additive for accelerating the kinetics of cathodic conversion and modulating the anode interface. We proposed that a coordination interaction mechanism drives the polysulfide conversion and modulates the Li solvated structure during the binding of the N-active site of DTD to LiPSs and lithium salts.

Design and Construction of a Porphyrin-Based Samarium(III)-Metal-Organic Framework for Antibiotic Detection.

Porphyrins bearing the unique 18π electron tetrapyrrolic macrocycles exhibit interesting photophysical and photochemical properties and have been considered as promising ligands for the construction of functionalized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The combination of porphyrin-type ligands with lanthanide metals featured with diverse coordination environments to realize the novel functions as well as the diversity of the MOF is thus attractive but challenging. Herein, an unprecedented porphyrin-based samarium MOF (Sm-BCPP) composed of a 5,10-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,20-diphenyl porphyrin (HBCPP) ligand and samarium-formed one-dimensional clusters has been constructed via a solvothermal approach, and the synthesized Sm-BCPP has excellent chemical stabilities, exhibiting red luminescence.

Using High-Entropy Configuration Strategy to Design Spinel Lithium Manganate Cathodes with Remarkable Electrochemical Performance.

Owing to its abundant manganese source, high operating voltage, and good ionic diffusivity attributed to its 3D Li-ion diffusion channels. Spinel LiMnO is considered a promising low-cost positive electrode material in the context of reducing scarce elements such as cobalt and nickel from advanced lithium-ion batteries. However, the rapid capacity degradation and inadequate rate capabilities induced by the Jahn-Teller distortion and the manganese dissolution have limited the large-scale adoption of spinel LiMnO for decades.