Burden of Kidney Disease in an Aging Population Living with HIV in the United States.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved mortality rates for individuals living with HIV, but kidney disease remains prevalent, especially among older adults. Our study analyzed the burden of kidney disease in individuals aged 65 and older at The Miriam Hospital Immunology Center in Rhode Island. We calculated estimated glomerular filtration rates using the last creatinine values from 2019 and identified chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages.

Genomic variation associated with cardiovascular disease progression following preeclampsia: a systematic review.

Background: Women with a history of preeclampsia (PE) have been shown to have up to five times the risk of developing later-life cardiovascular disease (CVD). While PE and CVD are known to share clinical and molecular characteristics, there are limited studies investigating their shared genomics (genetics, epigenetics or transcriptomics) variation over time. Therefore, we sought to systematically review the literature to identify longitudinal studies focused on the genomic progression to CVD following PE.

Hybrid Nanoparticle for Co-delivering Paclitaxel and Dihydroartemisinin to Exhibit Synergic Anticancer Therapeutics.

Aim: Anticancer treatment is required to provide effective and safe patient medicines. This research aided in developing and applying nanoparticles (NPs) for cancer treatment.

Background: The poor solubility of paclitaxel (PTX) restricts its therapeutic efficacy because of allergic side effects caused by formulation excipients.

Magnitude, Patterns, and Associated Predictors of Cardiovascular Events in Tetanus: A 2-Year, Single-Center, Ambidirectional Cohort Study Involving 572 Patients.

Background: Cardiovascular events (CEs) remain the leading cause of death in patients with tetanus. We examined the incidence, patterns, and associated predictors of CEs among patients with tetanus in Vietnam.

Methods: An ambidirectional cohort study was conducted on hospitalized adult patients with tetanus at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases between 2019 and 2020.

A Novel Alginate Film Based on Nanocoating Approach for Enteric-Release Tablets.

The objective of this study was to propose a new coating film for biodegradable polymers and environmentally friendly processing. Here, a novel implementation of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) into a biodegradable alginate (ALG) film composition created a new gastric-resistant film for an enteric-release tablet. Experiments were performed on a water-soluble substance (thiamine nitrate) to characterize the effects of SLN upon the addition of the ALG coating formulation.

Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 on Facial Aesthetic Surgery Search Interest.

The global COVID-19 pandemic reshaped many components of modern health care practice. Before the pandemic, research was beginning to demonstrate the impact of self-facing cameras, selfie images, and webcams on patient interest in head and neck (H&N) aesthetic surgery. We sought to determine temporal changes in patient interest in aesthetic surgery of the H&N as compared with the rest of the body because of COVID-19, and the subsequent surge in Web-conferencing and telecommunication.

Cold avoidance and heat pain hypersensitivity in neuronal nucleoredoxin knockout mice.

Nucleoredoxin is a thioredoxin-like oxidoreductase that mainly acts as oxidase and thereby regulates calcium calmodulin kinase Camk2a, an effector of nitric oxide mediated synaptic potentiation and nociceptive sensitization. We asked here if and how NXN affects thermal sensation and nociception in mice using pan-neuronal NXN deletion driven by Nestin-Cre, and sensory neuron specific deletion driven by Advillin-Cre. In a thermal gradient ring, where mice can freely choose the temperature of well-being, Nestin-NXN mice avoided unpleasant cold temperatures.

Topical application of cannabinoid-ligands ameliorates experimental dry-eye disease.

Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease, with limitations regarding efficacy and tolerability of applied substances. Among several candidates, the endocannabinoid system with its receptors (CB1R and CB2R) were reported to modulate inflammation, wound healing and pain, which are also core DED pathomechanisms. This study is to investigate the therapeutic responses of Δ-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (a non-selective agonist) and two selective antagonists, SR141716A (CB1R antagonist) and SR144528 (CB2R antagonist), as a topical application using a DED mouse model.

Reduced exploratory behavior in neuronal nucleoredoxin knockout mice.

Nucleoredoxin is a thioredoxin-like redoxin that has been recognized as redox modulator of WNT signaling. Using a Yeast-2-Hybrid screen, we identified calcium calmodulin kinase 2a, Camk2a, as a prominent prey in a brain library. Camk2a is crucial for nitric oxide dependent processes of neuronal plasticity of learning and memory.

Depletion of adipocyte sphingosine kinase 1 leads to cell hypertrophy, impaired lipolysis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Sphingolipids have become established participants in the pathogenesis of obesity and its associated maladies. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), which generates S1P, has been shown to increase in liver and adipose of obese humans and mice and to regulate inflammation in hepatocytes and adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation in mouse models of obesity. Previous studies by us and others have demonstrated that global sphingosine kinase 1 KO mice are protected from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and NAFLD, suggesting that SPHK1 may mediate pathological outcomes of obesity.

Coordination of human movements resulting in motor strategies exploited by skilled players during a throwing task.

In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of a motor system that affects skills and strategies of expert dart throwers. Eight experts participated in our experiment and each subject performed 42 throws. Kinematics of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and dart were recorded by six high-speed cameras (200 Hz).

Readability and Understandability Analysis of Online Materials Related to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair.

Background: Patients commonly use online materials as a source of health information. Since poor health literacy has been shown to correlate with negative outcomes, it is recommended that patient-directed materials be written at a sixth-grade reading level. This study evaluates the readability and understandability of commonly accessed online materials pertaining to both endovascular and open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Technological Advances in Lymphatic Surgery: Bringing to Light the Invisible.

Lymphatic surgery has become an integral and flourishing component of the field of plastic surgery. The diversity of ongoing technological innovations in perioperative imaging, including intraoperative dyes and cameras, allows plastic surgeons to work at the supermicrosurgical level. This study aims to highlight innovations that have shaped and will continue to revolutionize the perioperative management of the lymphatic surgery patient in the future.

Utility of a Novel Three-Dimensional and Dynamic (3DD) Cell Culture System for PK/PD Studies: Evaluation of a Triple Combination Therapy at Overcoming Anti-HER2 Treatment Resistance in Breast Cancer.

Emergence of Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapy resistance in HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer (BC) poses a major clinical challenge. Mechanisms of resistance include the over-activation of the PI3K/mTOR and Src pathways. This work aims to investigate a novel combination therapy that employs paclitaxel (PAC), a mitotic inhibitor, with everolimus (EVE), an mTOR inhibitor, and dasatinib (DAS), an Src kinase inhibitor, as a modality to overcome resistance.

Racial disparities in postmastectomy breast reconstruction: National trends in utilization from 2005 to 2014.

Background: Evidence of racial disparities in the receipt of postmastectomy breast reconstruction is well documented. The objective of this study was to describe trends in racial disparities overall and by reconstructive technique.

Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to identify women who underwent mastectomy and/or breast reconstruction from 2005 to 2014.

The Current State of Surgical Ergonomics Education in U.S. Surgical Training: A Survey Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the current state of surgical ergonomics education in the United States.

Background: The burden of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in surgeons is high and no overarching strategy for redress exists. Twelve distinct specialties describe an unmet need for surgical ergonomics education (SEE).

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Plastic Surgeons: A Systematic Review.

Background:  To date, no review has been conducted on the growing body of literature describing various work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), ergonomic hazards, and potential interventions relevant to plastic surgeons. This systematic review sought to (1) define the scope of coverage of this important issue in the peer-reviewed literature; (2) critically assess the evidence; and (3) provide recommendations for future directions.

Methods:  We conducted a literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed from the inception of each database until 2016.

Combination of a chemopreventive agent and paclitaxel in CD44-targeted hybrid nanoparticles for breast cancer treatment.

The CD44 receptor, which is upregulated in many cancer cells, provides a selective cellular surface for targeted drug delivery systems. We developed a hybrid nanocarrier for the CD44-targeted delivery of ibuprofen (IBU) and paclitaxel (PTX). The solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were prepared by a hot-melt oil/water emulsion technique and then coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) by electrostatic interactions.

Developing combination of artesunate with paclitaxel loaded into poly-d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticle for systemic delivery to exhibit synergic chemotherapeutic response.

Objectives: Paclitaxel (PTX) has been indicated for the treatment of a variety of solid tumors, whereas artesunate (ART) has been reported to have the potential for use in combination chemotherapy. In this study, the combination of ART and PTX was prepared in nanoparticle to induce the synergic effect and improve therapeutic efficiency in treatment of breast cancer.

Methods: Dual anticancer agents (PTX and ART) were loaded into Poly-D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticle (NP) by solvent evaporation technique from oil-in-water emulsion, stabilized with Tween 80.