The transcription factor VaMYC2 from Chinese wild Vitis amurensis enhances cold tolerance of grape (V. vinifera) by up-regulating VaCBF1 and VaP5CS.

Cultivated grapes, one of the most important fruit crops in the world, are sensitive to low temperature. Since Chinese wild grape Vitis amurensis is highly tolerant to cold, it is imperative to study and utilize its cold-tolerance genes for molecular breeding. Here, a VaMYC2 gene from V.

VaMYB44 transcription factor from Chinese wild Vitis amurensis negatively regulates cold tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and V. vinifera.

Heterologous expression of VaMYB44 gene in Arabidopsis and V. vinifera cv. 'Thompson Seedless' increases cold sensitivity, which is mediated by the interaction of VaMYC2 and VaTIFY5A with VaMYB44 MYB transcription factors play critical roles in plant stress response.

Clove essential oil confers antioxidant activity and lifespan extension in C. elegans via the DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor.

Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb.) essential oil (CEO) has been extensively utilized and well-recognized due to its wide medicinal activities. In our study, the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology was applied in characterizing the CEO chemical composition.

The utility of fluorescence in situ hybridization for diagnosis and surveillance of bladder urothelial carcinoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical value of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for diagnosis and surveillance of bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC).

Materials And Methods: Between November 2010 and December 2013, patients suspected of having BUC were examined using urine cytology and FISH assay. Based on histopathological examination results, FISH results were com­pared with urine cytology.

Risk assessment of lambda-cyhalothrin on aquatic organisms in paddy field in China.

This study was carried out to assess the risk of lambda-cyhalothrin to aquatic organisms used in paddy field, and to provide assistance in the ecological risk management of lambda-cyhalothrin. The acute toxicities of five individual formulations of lambda-cyhalothrin to four aquatic species were investigated in the laboratory, as well as in a simulated paddy field-pond ecosystem, and the results implicated that lambda-cyhalothrin is highly toxic to fish, and to a greater extent to shrimp. There were differences in the toxicities to each aquatic organisms among different formulations.

Functional role of central muscarinic receptors for micturition in normal conscious rats.

Purpose: Antimuscarinic agents, which are used in to treat urgency and urge incontinence, have well-known effects on peripheral muscarinic receptors. However, some currently used drugs may have effects on muscarinic receptors in the brain and/or spinal cord involved in voiding control. We tested if muscarinic receptors within the central nervous system mediate a tonic excitatory influence on voiding in rats and if these receptors can be differently influenced by antimuscarinic drugs.

Role of supraspinal alpha1-adrenoceptors for voiding in conscious rats with and without bladder outlet obstruction.

Purpose: Previous studies have shown that spinal alpha1-adrenoceptors can influence voiding in normal rats and in rats with outlet obstruction. Also, at the supraspinal level such receptors may be involved in voiding control. Therefore, we studied in rats the effects on cystometrography of intracerebroventricular administered alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists.